本文選題：伊朗 + 地理環(huán)境��； 參考：《西南大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 伊朗是中東地區(qū)的大國,又是當今國際上的熱點國家。伊朗的地理位置重要且政治模式獨特。本文試從空間的觀點研究伊朗的政治現(xiàn)象和政治過程的原因與結果;從地理的角度研究伊朗的政治現(xiàn)象和政治過程在地理空間中的分布規(guī)律。 全文共分為六章： 第一章闡述論文的選題背景及意義,分析西方政治地理思想的演變和國內(nèi)外對伊朗政治地理研究的現(xiàn)狀。 第二章分析伊朗的政治模式特點。伊朗實行的是政教合一、神權高于一切的政治體制。最高領袖不僅是宗教領袖,也是政治權威。 第三章分析地理環(huán)境對伊朗國家空間特征的影響。地理區(qū)位對伊朗的經(jīng)濟、生活、文化等方面的影響；伊朗的領土、首都、核心區(qū)、邊疆、邊界及邊界問題等的特點;伊朗的綜合國力及行政區(qū)劃特征。 第四章闡述地理環(huán)境對伊朗國體與政體的影響。在伊朗伊斯蘭憲法及神權政體的形成和發(fā)展過程中,地理環(huán)境因素也是影響的因素之一。伊朗的選舉制度、政黨制度在地域上的差別并不明顯。伊朗的幾次總統(tǒng)選舉是派系斗爭的過程,幾次的選舉結果表明,伊朗的核心地區(qū)與邊疆地區(qū),城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)對伊朗政治的關心程度差別很大。 第五章分析地理環(huán)境對伊朗內(nèi)政與外交戰(zhàn)略的影響。從霍梅尼時期的地理伊斯蘭化到哈梅內(nèi)伊時期的地緣政治化,面對伊朗的嚴峻的地緣政治形勢,伊朗的內(nèi)政與外交戰(zhàn)略在考驗中日臻成熟。 伊朗與阿拉伯半島相鄰以及相似的地理環(huán)境使得伊斯蘭教在伊朗廣泛傳播。伊斯蘭教的教義和傳統(tǒng)已滲透到國家政治生活和社會生活的各個層面,對伊朗的民族傳統(tǒng)、生活方式、社會政治、經(jīng)濟、文化活動準則和社會道德規(guī)范等各方面都有著深遠的影響。伊朗伊斯蘭共和國成立之后,進行了廣泛的伊斯蘭化運動。但是在復雜的國際環(huán)境下,伊朗又不得不在變革中尋找自己的大國之路。 第六章伊朗的地理位置以及豐富的油氣資源使伊朗成為一個國際熱點國家。伊朗的地理環(huán)境與人民接納了伊斯蘭教。伊斯蘭教在伊朗的傳播與伊朗的政治體制的形成密切相關。在西方和伊朗周邊國家對伊朗神權政體的打壓下,又產(chǎn)生了伊朗核問題。這一系列事件的發(fā)生都與伊朗的地理位置、資源、地理環(huán)境以及宗教等因素密切相關。 暴動而不反動的伊朗國內(nèi)政治,是伊朗的神權政體對伊朗地理環(huán)境的適應性的表現(xiàn)。 從全國的層面來說,伊朗的政治空間可以劃分為城市政治空間和農(nóng)村政治空間兩部分。城市處于政治活動的中心地帶,農(nóng)村則處于邊緣地帶。然而伊朗政治的內(nèi)部斗爭性將逐漸把斗爭的戰(zhàn)場從城市擴展到農(nóng)村,農(nóng)村在政治活動中的地位將凸顯。 從地區(qū)和世界的層面來說,伊朗被美國的勢力包圍,與不同體制的阿拉伯國家為鄰,伊朗在周邊地緣政治環(huán)境中的處境困難。伊朗不同派別的執(zhí)政給伊朗的地緣政治環(huán)境帶來不同的變化,但總的方向是朝著逐步弱化泛伊斯蘭主義,走到務實的外交路線上來。伊朗不想孤立于世界大家庭之外,這也是伊朗將來的前進方向。
[Abstract]:Iran is a big country in the Middle East and a hot country in the world today. The geographical position of Iran is very important and its political model is unique. This paper tries to study the reasons and results of the political phenomena and political processes in Iran from the viewpoint of space, and studies the distribution law of the political phenomena and political processes in the geographical space from the geographical point of view of Iran.
The full text is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter expounds the background and significance of the topic selection, analyzes the evolution of Western political geography thought and the current situation of Iran's political geography research.
The second chapter analyzes the characteristics of the political model in Iran. Iran implements the unity of politics and religion, and the divine right is higher than all political systems. The supreme leader is not only a religious leader, but also a political authority.
The third chapter analyzes the influence of geographical environment on the national spatial characteristics of Iran, the influence of geographical location on Iran's economy, life and culture, and the characteristics of Iran's territory, capital, core area, border area, boundary and boundary problems, and Iran's comprehensive national strength and administrative division characteristics.
The fourth chapter expounds the influence of geographical environment on the state and the regime of Iran. In the course of the formation and development of Iran's Islamic constitution and theocracy, the geographical and environmental factors are also one of the factors affecting the geographical environment. The electoral system in Iran and the regional differences in the political party system are not obvious. Several presidential elections in Iran are the process of factional struggle. The election results show that Iran's core areas and border areas, urban and rural areas have different degrees of concern for Iran's politics.
The fifth chapter analyzes the influence of geographical environment on the internal affairs and diplomatic strategy of Iran. From the geographical Islamization of Khomeini period to the geopolitics of Ali Khamenei period, facing the severe geopolitical situation of Iran, Iran's internal affairs and diplomatic strategy are becoming more mature.
Iran is adjacent to the Arabia Peninsula and the similar geographical environment makes Islam spread widely in Iran. The teachings and traditions of Islam have permeated all levels of the political and social life of the country, and on the ethnic traditions, lifestyles, socio political, economic, cultural norms and social ethics of Iran. There was a profound influence. After the founding of Islamic Republic of Iran, a wide range of Islamism was carried out. But in a complex international environment, Iran had to look for its own great power in the change.
The sixth chapter, the geographical position of Iran and the rich oil and gas resources, made Iran an international hot country. The geographical environment and the people of Iran accepted Islam. The spread of Islam in Iran was closely related to the formation of the political system of Iran. Under the pressure of the West and the neighboring countries of Iran to the theocratic regime of Iran, it came into being. The Iran nuclear issue is closely related to Iran's geographical location, resources, geographical environment and religion.
Iran's domestic politics, which is insurgency without reactionary action, is a manifestation of the adaptability of Iran's theocratic regime to Iran's geographical environment.
From the national level, the political space of Iran can be divided into two parts: the urban political space and the rural political space. The city is in the center of the political activities and the countryside is on the edge. However, the internal struggle of Iran's politics will gradually expand the battle field from the city to the countryside, and the status of the countryside in the political activities. It will highlight.
From the regional and world level, Iran is surrounded by the forces of the United States, neighbours with the Arabia countries of different systems, and Iran is in a difficult position in the surrounding geopolitical environment. The ruling of the different factions of Iran has brought different changes to the geopolitical environment of Iran, but the general direction is to gradually weaken the pan Islamism and go to the country. Iran does not want to isolate itself from the world's family. This is also the way forward for Iran.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D815.4

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