本文選題：阿富汗 + 普什圖族　； 參考：《外交學(xué)院》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：阿富汗位于歐亞大陸腹地，地處中亞南部、西亞東部、南亞西北部交叉地帶，是古代“絲綢之路”的重要樞紐，近代英軍東進(jìn)、美蘇爭霸的逐鹿場。阿戰(zhàn)略地位十分重要，毗鄰東方文明、阿拉伯文明的交匯點(diǎn)和中亞、西亞能源富集區(qū)，地緣政治優(yōu)勢得天獨(dú)厚，使阿富汗成為大國勢力延伸和爭奪的對象。1747年阿富汗建國以來，阿民族、宗教、派系紛繁復(fù)雜，國內(nèi)外勢力相互勾結(jié)、利用，導(dǎo)致阿國內(nèi)局勢長期動蕩，對中亞及周邊國家地緣安全構(gòu)成負(fù)面影響。 普什圖族是阿富汗的主體民族，普什圖部落區(qū)是迄今為止世界上現(xiàn)存的最大規(guī)模的部落聚集地。部落區(qū)的封閉性、獨(dú)立性造成普什圖人繼承了部落社會習(xí)俗的大部分殘余，尚武好戰(zhàn)、各自為戰(zhàn)的狹隘民族觀根深蒂固，成為阿富汗積貧積弱、動蕩不休的重要原因。普什圖族是近代阿富汗國家的創(chuàng)始者，在國家政治生活中長期占據(jù)支配地位，特別是面臨外敵入侵，普什圖族能夠暫時放下恩怨，全力對外。在三次抗英戰(zhàn)爭、抗蘇戰(zhàn)爭中發(fā)揮了先鋒作用，充當(dāng)了“帝國的掘墓人”。然而在重獲和平之后，普什圖族并沒有發(fā)揮起應(yīng)有的主導(dǎo)作用，趁勢凝聚合力，建立起強(qiáng)力的中央集權(quán)引領(lǐng)國家發(fā)展，而是陷入到不同民族、不同派別之間無休止的權(quán)力爭奪。普什圖族的部落至上原則導(dǎo)致了權(quán)力中心的碎片化，嚴(yán)重干擾了國家正常發(fā)展，為外部勢力滲透和干涉提供了機(jī)會，，造成了國家內(nèi)憂與外患交替上升。 阿富汗是中國的近鄰，阿富汗國內(nèi)局勢的變化，對維護(hù)我國西北邊疆地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定有著重要影響。隨著美西方2014年撤軍大限臨近，阿富汗面臨著新的歷史選擇和發(fā)展機(jī)遇。以主體民族為突破口，研究普什圖族在近代阿富汗國家發(fā)展中的作用，分析主體民族與阿各族各派的關(guān)系，不失為破解阿富汗困局的一把鑰匙。特別是對研究美西方“后撤軍時代”的阿富汗未來國家發(fā)展，制定我國與周邊國家的相關(guān)政策具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:Afghanistan is located in the hinterland of Eurasia, located in the south of Central Asia, the eastern part of West Asia, and the crossing zone of the northwest of South Asia. It is an important hub of the ancient Silk Road. The strategic position of Afghanistan is very important, adjacent to the Eastern civilization, the intersection of Arab civilization and Central Asia, the energy rich region of West Asia, and the unique geopolitical advantages, which make Afghanistan the object of the extension and contention of the great powers. Since the founding of Afghanistan in 1747, The complicated ethnic, religious and factional forces at home and abroad collude with each other and make use of each other, leading to long-term instability in Afghanistan's domestic situation, which has a negative impact on the geopolitical security of Central Asia and its neighboring countries. The Pashtun is the main ethnic group in Afghanistan, and the Pashtun tribal region is the largest existing tribal colony in the world. The closeness and independence of the tribal areas caused the Pashtun to inherit most of the vestiges of tribal social customs. The militancy and belligerence, the narrow national concept of fighting on their own were deeply rooted, which became an important reason for the accumulation of poverty and the instability in Afghanistan. Pashtun was the founder of the modern Afghan state and occupied a dominant position in the political life of the country for a long time, especially in the face of the invasion of foreign enemies, Pashtun can temporarily put aside their grudges and devote all their efforts to external affairs. He played a pioneering role in the three anti-British and anti-Soviet wars and acted as the tomb-digger of the Empire. However, after the restoration of peace, the Pashtun did not play the leading role they should play, and took advantage of the concerted efforts to establish a strong centralization to lead the development of the country, but fell into the endless struggle for power between different ethnic groups and different factions. The principle of tribal supremacy of the Pushtun led to the fragmentation of the power center, seriously interfered with the normal development of the country, provided an opportunity for the infiltration and interference of the external forces, and resulted in the alternating rise of the internal and external troubles of the country. Afghanistan is a close neighbor of China. The change of Afghanistan's internal situation has an important influence on maintaining the stability of the northwest frontier area of our country. Afghanistan faces new historical choices and development opportunities as the US and West pull back in 2014. Taking the main ethnic group as the breakthrough point, this paper studies the role of Pushtun in the development of modern Afghanistan, and analyzes the relationship between the main ethnic group and the various ethnic groups in Afghanistan, which is a key to the solution of Afghanistan's predicament. In particular, it is of great practical significance to study the future development of Afghanistan in the "post-withdrawal era" of the United States and the West, and to formulate the relevant policies of our country and its neighboring countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D815.5

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本文編號：1974097