本文選題：聯(lián)合國 + 人權(quán)��； 參考：《上海社會科學(xué)院》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：聯(lián)合國人權(quán)機(jī)制是在二戰(zhàn)后建立和發(fā)展起來的，經(jīng)過六十多年的發(fā)展，聯(lián)合國人權(quán)機(jī)制已成為國際人權(quán)機(jī)制的主要表現(xiàn)形式，它利用聯(lián)合國這個全球最大、最重要、最具權(quán)威的統(tǒng)一的綜合性政府間國際組織為載體，在其框架內(nèi)制定了一系列保障人權(quán)的國際公約和文書；建立了人權(quán)委員會、人權(quán)理事會等人權(quán)保護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)；確定了人權(quán)保護(hù)的具體措施；利用各類人權(quán)會議為各國提供人權(quán)交流與合作、監(jiān)督與裁判的平臺。在其長期努力下，一個涉及人類社會政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、和社會生活諸領(lǐng)域，規(guī)范了明確的宗旨、原則、規(guī)則、操作措施和決策程序的全球性人權(quán)體制已基本確立起來。 中國古代傳統(tǒng)思想中就包含了人權(quán)概念，至近代中國，萌發(fā)出了借鑒西方人權(quán)觀的人權(quán)意識和人權(quán)精神，建國后，中國特色的人權(quán)觀進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，但與現(xiàn)代西方人權(quán)觀念存在頗多差異，中國對于參與聯(lián)合國人權(quán)機(jī)制一直持有矛盾態(tài)度。一方面，在中國“人權(quán)”一度被認(rèn)為是代表了西方資本主義生產(chǎn)方式和價值觀念的概念，是西方社會進(jìn)行意識形態(tài)斗爭的工具，中國擔(dān)心由人權(quán)話題引發(fā)的對本國主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土的侵害；另一方面，隨著全球化的推進(jìn)和各國依賴程度的提高，國際制度在國際關(guān)系領(lǐng)域的重要性逐漸凸顯出來，聯(lián)合國人權(quán)機(jī)制在全球人權(quán)保障和人權(quán)事業(yè)的發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用，中國開始意識到參與聯(lián)合國人權(quán)機(jī)制將帶來的現(xiàn)實利益和積極效應(yīng)。 本文試通過梳理中國建國以來參與聯(lián)合國人權(quán)機(jī)制的方式與路徑，分析中國在不同歷史階段，不同國內(nèi)、國際環(huán)境下對是否參與和如何參與聯(lián)合國人權(quán)機(jī)制的外交選擇；通過探討聯(lián)合國人權(quán)機(jī)制的構(gòu)成、功能和局限，，分析中國參與聯(lián)合國人權(quán)機(jī)制的必要性和必然性；利用國際機(jī)制理論的分析框架，剖析中國在新時期參與聯(lián)合國人權(quán)機(jī)制的外交選擇及由此帶來的國內(nèi)、國際效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:The United Nations human rights mechanism was established and developed after the second World War. After more than 60 years of development, the United Nations human rights mechanism has become the main manifestation of the international human rights machinery. It uses the United Nations as the largest and most important global human rights mechanism. (a) the most authoritative, integrated and integrated intergovernmental international organization, within its framework, has developed a series of international conventions and instruments guaranteeing human rights; it has established human rights protection bodies, such as the Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Council; Specific measures for the protection of human rights have been identified; various human rights conferences have been used to provide a platform for human rights exchanges and cooperation, monitoring and adjudication. Under its long-term efforts, a global human rights system involving human society, politics, economy, and social life has been basically established, regulating clear purposes, principles, rules, operational measures and decision-making procedures. The concept of human rights was included in the ancient Chinese traditional thought. In modern China, the human rights consciousness and spirit of learning from the western view of human rights emerged, and after the founding of the people's Republic of China, the concept of human rights with Chinese characteristics developed further. However, there are many differences between China and modern western human rights, and China has always had a contradictory attitude towards participating in UN human rights mechanism. On the one hand, "human rights" in China was once considered to represent the concept of Western capitalist production and values, and a tool for ideological struggle in Western society. China is concerned about the encroachment on its sovereignty and territory caused by the topic of human rights; on the other hand, the importance of the international system in the field of international relations has gradually become apparent as globalization progresses and countries become more dependent. The United Nations human rights mechanism is playing an increasingly important role in the global human rights guarantee and the development of human rights. China is beginning to realize the practical benefits and positive effects that its participation in the UN human rights mechanism will bring. By combing the ways and paths of China's participation in the UN human rights mechanism since the founding of the people's Republic of China, this paper analyzes China's diplomatic choices on whether and how to participate in UN human rights mechanisms at different historical stages, at different domestic and international levels. By discussing the composition, functions and limitations of the United Nations human rights mechanisms, the necessity and inevitability of China's participation in the United Nations human rights mechanisms are analyzed, and the analytical framework of the theory of international mechanisms is used. This paper analyzes the diplomatic choice of China's participation in the UN human rights mechanism in the new period and its domestic and international effects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D815.7

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