本文選題：達爾富爾問題 + 根源�。� 參考：《華東師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：在國內(nèi)外媒體和學界,達爾富爾問題又被稱為達爾富爾危機、達爾富爾沖突。2003年2月,達爾富爾地區(qū)的兩支黑人反政府武裝以蘇丹政府忽視該地區(qū)發(fā)展、縱容本地區(qū)的阿拉伯民兵對本地區(qū)黑人居民進行種族清洗為由,發(fā)動了大規(guī)模的反政府武裝活動,達爾富爾問題就此拉開了帷幕。沖突爆發(fā)后迅速引起了國際社會的強烈反應,被視為21世紀以來最嚴重的人道主義危機,同時國際社會也為該地區(qū)危機的和平化解積極地努力著。 達爾富爾危機的爆發(fā)是多方面因素綜合作用的結(jié)果,從蘇丹國內(nèi)矛盾來看：歷史上達爾富爾地區(qū)的土著黑人與中央政權(quán)的對立,南北內(nèi)戰(zhàn)引發(fā)的非洲黑人與阿拉伯人之間的仇恨,中央權(quán)力斗爭造成的地區(qū)發(fā)展邊緣化,中央政權(quán)頻繁易手導致的國家觀念的缺失,地區(qū)生態(tài)惡化引發(fā)的族群沖突,阿拉伯化的中央政府對非阿拉伯人的排斥和管理不當?shù)?使達爾富爾地區(qū)成為了滋生暴亂的溫床,共同構(gòu)成了達爾富爾問題的國內(nèi)根源。從地區(qū)范圍來看,達爾富爾問題的根源在于：乍得內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的外溢使達爾富爾地區(qū)的族群界線變得更加清晰,難民流的涌入讓飽受戰(zhàn)亂的達爾富爾不堪重負,利比亞的介入使達爾富爾地區(qū)成為了利比亞、乍得、蘇丹三方爭斗的主戰(zhàn)場,使地區(qū)形勢愈加復雜。以上因素都為達爾富爾問題的出現(xiàn)即2003年開始的大規(guī)模暴力沖突埋下了伏筆。這場暴力沖突導致了嚴重的人道主義災難。 危機爆發(fā)后,世界主要大國以及非盟、聯(lián)合國等國際組織出于人道主義關懷、石油利益、發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略等多方面因素的考慮,積極介入達爾富爾問題的和平解決進程。由于蘇丹與中國在石油領域上的合作關系,堅守“不干涉內(nèi)政”原則的中國反而成為西方社會指責的對象。面對國際社會的壓力,中國適時地進行了政策調(diào)整,為化解沖突付出了巨大努力,維護了國家形象,推進了達爾富爾和平進程。 達爾富爾問題是冷戰(zhàn)后國內(nèi)沖突國際化和人道主義干預的一個典型案例。對這一案例的剖析有助于深化我們對相關的國際政治理論,特別是國內(nèi)沖突國際化理論和人權(quán)與主權(quán)的關系之理論的理解。在全球化、信息化、“碎片化”和多極化的冷戰(zhàn)后世界,國內(nèi)沖突國際化已成為普遍現(xiàn)象,具有歷史的必然性。達爾富爾危機也對關于人權(quán)與主權(quán)關系的傳統(tǒng)國際法原則和“不干涉內(nèi)政”原則提出了挑戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:In the media and academia at home and abroad, the Darfur issue is also known as the Darfur crisis, the Darfur conflict. In February 2003, two black rebel groups in the Darfur region ignored the development of the region by the Government of the Sudan, The Darfur issue began when Arab militias in the region were allowed to carry out ethnic cleansing of black residents in the region and launched large-scale anti-government activities. After the outbreak of the conflict, it caused a strong reaction from the international community and was regarded as the most serious humanitarian crisis since the 21st century. At the same time, the international community also worked actively for the peaceful resolution of the crisis in the region. The outbreak of the crisis in Darfur was the result of a combination of factors. From the point of view of the internal contradictions in the Sudan: the historical opposition between the indigenous black people in Darfur and the central regime, The hatred between African blacks and Arabs caused by the civil war between the north and the south, the marginalization of regional development caused by the central power struggle, the lack of national concept caused by the frequent change of hands of the central government, the ethnic conflicts caused by the deterioration of regional ecology, The exclusion and mismanagement of non-Arabs by the Arabized central government have made Darfur a hotbed of violence and a domestic source of Darfur problems. At the regional level, the root cause of the Darfur problem lies in the fact that the spillover of the Chadian civil war has made the ethnic boundaries in Darfur clearer, and the influx of refugees has overwhelmed war-torn Darfur. The involvement of Libya has made Darfur a major battleground for fighting between Libya, Chad and Sudan, complicating the situation in the region. All of this laid the groundwork for the emergence of Darfur, the massive violence that began in 2003. The violent conflict led to a serious humanitarian disaster. After the outbreak of the crisis, the major world powers and international organizations such as the African Union and the United Nations have been actively involved in the process of peaceful settlement of the Darfur issue due to the consideration of humanitarian concerns, oil interests, development strategies and other factors. Because of the cooperation between Sudan and China in the field of oil, China, which adheres to the principle of "non-interference in internal affairs", has instead become the target of Western criticism. In the face of pressure from the international community, China has made timely policy adjustments, made great efforts to resolve the conflict, safeguarded its national image and advanced the Darfur peace process. Darfur is a typical case of the internationalization of civil conflicts and humanitarian intervention after the cold war. The analysis of this case helps to deepen our understanding of relevant international political theories, especially the theory of internationalization of internal conflicts and the relationship between human rights and sovereignty. In the post-Cold War world of globalization, informatization, fragmentation and multipolarization, the internationalization of internal conflicts has become a universal phenomenon and has historical inevitability. The Darfur crisis also challenged the traditional principles of international law and non-interference in the relationship between human rights and sovereignty.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D815

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