本文選題：俄羅斯 + 印度��； 參考：《山東師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：上世紀九十年代初開始，世界政治格局發(fā)生了巨大的變化，冷戰(zhàn)時期的美蘇兩極格局終結，一超多強的格局開始形成，美國成為了世界上唯一的超級強國。在這種國際背景下，世界各國的外交政策都發(fā)生了變化。俄羅斯為能獲得重振大國地位的機會，開始奉行向歐美一邊倒的政策，以期得到復興的幫助。對于印度而言，俄羅斯國力相比蘇聯(lián)時期大為削弱，而美國成為了世界上唯一的一極。美印關系急需修復，以求得能夠從美國獲得經(jīng)濟、軍事等方面的援助。此期間俄印合作交往減少。90年代后期俄印開始恢復冷戰(zhàn)時期的友好合作關系。到21世紀初，雙方建立了戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關系，并在經(jīng)貿(mào)等領域展開合作。 論文分為四個部分，第一部分對俄羅斯和印度關系發(fā)展歷程進行闡述:兩國在冷戰(zhàn)時期關系，由一般發(fā)展到同盟。蘇印始終保持著非同尋常的友好關系。兩國之間特殊關系的形成主要原因是印度在經(jīng)濟和軍事上需要蘇聯(lián)的幫助，蘇聯(lián)在政治上需要印度上的支持。因此兩國將同對方發(fā)展合作關系作為外交中的重要環(huán)節(jié)。在各個領域里展開了全方位的合作。冷戰(zhàn)后期，蘇印關系下降， 冷戰(zhàn)結束后的俄羅斯，國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟萎靡，國家周邊環(huán)境復雜。俄羅斯急于組建獨聯(lián)體和向歐美國家請求援助，難以考慮到印度。當時俄羅斯和印度都把發(fā)達國家作為主要交往對象，卻未能得到相應的回報，因此開始重新調整外交戰(zhàn)略。雙方在繼續(xù)重視同歐美關系的同時，開始恢復冷戰(zhàn)時期俄印的親密關系。葉利欽執(zhí)政后期，俄羅斯加大俄印外交力度。1997年3月印度總理高達訪問俄羅斯，雙方將俄印關系升格為“戰(zhàn)略伙伴關系”。12月，俄總理普里馬科夫訪印，兩國發(fā)表《聯(lián)合聲明》，稱兩國將迅速邁向戰(zhàn)略伙伴關系。普京時期，對俄印關系進行了重塑。2000年10月俄羅斯總統(tǒng)普京在訪問印度時，兩國簽署了建立《戰(zhàn)略伙伴宣言》的文件，宣布兩國在主權平等、領土完整、互不干涉內(nèi)政、相互尊重和互利的基礎上建立戰(zhàn)略伙伴關系。梅德韋杰夫時期俄印關系得到了進一步的發(fā)展。雙方在經(jīng)貿(mào)、軍事、能源等領域的合作增強。2011年，俄羅斯總統(tǒng)梅德韋杰夫把俄印戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關系提升到了"優(yōu)先對待"的地位。 第二部分分析了推動兩國關發(fā)展的有利因素，如現(xiàn)實利益的相對一致性，兩國之間并不存在難以解決的矛盾，不擔心對方會損害自身利益，相反，認為對方的發(fā)展會為本國利益帶來一定的保障性。在經(jīng)濟方面，兩國具有很強的互補性，俄羅斯能為印度提供其發(fā)展所需要的工業(yè)技術和能源供應，而印度能夠為俄羅斯提供其所需要的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和輕工業(yè)產(chǎn)品。在軍事領域，俄羅斯非常重視印度這個傳統(tǒng)的武器出口市場，印度也需要靠俄羅斯的軍事設備來增強國防力量。 第三部分分析了影響兩國關系發(fā)展的制約因素。兩國在經(jīng)濟方面相對較低的貿(mào)易額，冷戰(zhàn)后長時間內(nèi)俄印兩國的經(jīng)貿(mào)一直處于低水平，遠低于中俄、美印等貿(mào)易額，這阻礙了兩國的進一步合作和發(fā)展。兩國的軍事合作相對弱化，，印度不想過分依賴俄羅斯的武器供應，而希望供應渠道多元化等。 論文的最后一部分主要探討俄印關系對于中國的影響，兩國在軍事方面的合作，對于中國的能源和邊境安全產(chǎn)生了威脅。俄印關系的加強有利于兩國在上合組織等區(qū)域組織中與中國的合作，有利于中俄印三方在亞太地區(qū)發(fā)揮更大的作用。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 90s of the last century, the world political pattern has changed greatly. The two poles of the United States and the Soviet Union ended in the cold war, a super strong pattern began to form, the United States became the only superpower in the world. In this international context, the foreign policy of the world has changed. Russia is able to gain a great reinvigorate the country. The opportunity for status began to pursue a one-sided policy towards Europe and the United States, with a view to rejuvenation. For India, the Russian national strength was greatly weakened compared with the Soviet period, and the United States became the only one in the world. The US India relationship was in urgent need of repair to obtain economic and military assistance from the United States. In the late.90, Russia and India began to restore the friendly and cooperative relationship between the cold war and the cold war. By the beginning of twenty-first Century, the two sides established a strategic partnership and cooperation in the areas of economic and trade.
The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part expounds the relationship between Russia and India: the relations between the two countries in the cold war period, from the general development to the alliance. The Soviet and India have always maintained an unusual friendly relationship. The main reason for the formation of the special relations between the two countries is that the Soviet Union is in need of the help of the Soviet Union in the economy and the military and the Soviet Union is in India. There is a political need for support from India. Therefore, the two countries will develop cooperative relations with each other as an important part of diplomacy. A full range of cooperation has been carried out in all fields. In the late cold war, the relationship between the Soviet Union and India declined.
After the end of the cold war, Russia has been languishing in the domestic economy and the surrounding environment is complex. Russia is eager to form the Commonwealth of Independent States and ask for assistance to the European and American countries. It is difficult to take into account India. Russia and India both took the developed countries as the main object of communication but failed to get the corresponding returns, so they began to re adjust their diplomatic strategy. While continuing to attach importance to the relationship with Europe and the United States, began to restore the close relationship between Russia and India during the cold war period. In the late period of Yeltsin's ruling, Russia increased Russian and Indian diplomacy in India. In March, the Prime Minister of India visited Russia. Both sides upgraded the Russian India relationship to "strategic partnership".12 month, Russian Prime Minister Primakov visited India, and the two countries published the joint sound. In Putin's period of remolding Russian and Indian Relations in the Putin period in October, Russia's president Putin was visiting India, and the two countries signed a document on the establishment of the strategic partner declaration, declaring the two countries to establish war on the basis of sovereign equality, territorial integrity, mutual non-interference in internal affairs, mutual respect and mutual benefit. A brief partnership. The relationship between Russia and India during the Medvedev period was further developed. The two sides strengthened their cooperation in economic, trade, military, energy and other fields for.2011 years. Russian President Medvedev promoted the strategic partnership between Russia and India to the "priority" position.
The second part analyzes the favorable factors to promote the development of the two countries, such as the relative consistency of the real interests. There is no difficult contradiction between the two countries, and the other is not worried about their own interests. On the contrary, the development of the other side will bring a certain guarantee for their own interests. In the economic aspect, the two countries have strong complementarity and Russia. In order to provide India with industrial technology and energy supply for its development, India can provide Russia with the agricultural products and light industrial products it needs. In the military field, Russia attaches great importance to the traditional arms export market in India, and India needs to rely on Russia's military equipment to enhance its defense forces.
The third part analyses the restrictive factors that affect the development of the relations between the two countries. The relatively low economic trade volume between the two countries. The economy and trade of Russia and India have been at a low level in the long period after the cold war, far below the trade volume between China and Russia and the United States and India. This hinders the further cooperation and development of the two countries. The military cooperation between the two countries is relatively weak and India does not want to. Over reliance on Russian arms supply and diversification of supply channels.
The last part of the paper mainly discusses the influence of the Russian India relations on China, and the cooperation between the two countries poses a threat to China's energy and border security. The strengthening of the relationship between Russia and India is beneficial to the cooperation between the two countries in the regional organizations such as the SCO and the three parties of China and Russia to play a greater role in the Asia Pacific region. Use.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D851.2;D835.1

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