本文選題：紐約時報 + 俄羅斯�。� 參考：《華東師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：國家形象反映了公眾對國家本身、國家行為及其成果所給予的總體評價,也反映了他國國民對該國的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、歷史、社會、思想等方面的綜合印象。國家形象能夠較為全面地體現(xiàn)該國的綜合國力,但也是一個帶有強烈主觀性質(zhì)的概念,因此必然與真實情況存在一定差異。國家形象主要通過大眾傳媒渠道呈現(xiàn)給公眾,同時也可以通過同樣的渠道來建構(gòu)。平面媒體就是其中最為重要的渠道之一 研究美國主流平面媒體中的國家形象是近年來學術(shù)界研究的熱點之一,對了解美國主流社會對其他國家形象的認知和態(tài)度有著非常的重要意義。美國主流媒體以其雄厚的經(jīng)濟實力、豐富的傳播經(jīng)驗、英語優(yōu)勢和專業(yè)的報道團隊在國家形象的構(gòu)建過程中扮演著舉足輕重的角色,其觀點和看法對國際輿論有重大影響。 本次研究選擇《紐約時報》作為研究對象�！都~約時報》是美國主流平面媒體中最具代表性的媒體之一�？疾臁都~約時報》中的國家形象能夠較為真實和客觀地反映美國國內(nèi)對俄羅斯國家形象的認知情況。本次研究時段為2008年至2011年。在這四年里發(fā)生了包括俄格沖突和美俄重啟在內(nèi)的俄美關系史上的重大事件。本次研究主要以《紐約時報》對俄羅斯的報道為研究樣本(檢索關鍵詞為Russia)考察俄羅斯國家形象在《紐約時報》上的呈現(xiàn)情況。本次研究重點使用文本分析方法,通過選取該時段內(nèi)俄美關系中的重大事件,探究國家形象與國家間行為的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。本次研究試圖回答《紐約時報》中的俄羅斯形象是什么、為什么要塑造俄羅斯國家形象、塑造俄羅斯國家形象的標準是什么以及這樣的俄羅斯國家形象會如何影響美國利益等問題。 本文主要分為以下四個部分： 第一章是全文的導論。本章對本文所研究的相關概念和選題意義進行闡釋,同時介紹本次研究的背景以及國內(nèi)外學術(shù)界當前的研究狀況；最后本章還對本次研究所使用的研究方法進行介紹。 第二章將主要借鑒新聞學分析方法對2008年至2011年《紐約時報》中對俄羅斯的報道進行定量分析。在這四年中,《紐約時報》對俄羅斯關注的總體程度不及以往,下降趨勢明顯。對俄羅斯的報道的議題設置主要集中在政治、軍事等傳統(tǒng)安全領域,對俄羅斯非傳統(tǒng)安全領域以及文化、藝術(shù)和體育的關注較少。 第三章主要進行文本分析。在這一部分中,通過第二章的研究得出的初步結(jié)論,本文選取梅普組合、霍多爾科夫斯基案、俄格沖突和美俄重啟等俄美關系中的重要人物和重大事件進行研究分析。通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),《紐約時報》通過大量使用直接引語和細節(jié)描述等報道手法,以看似客觀的記敘對俄羅斯進行報道,但其中負面傾向明顯。在《紐約時報》對俄羅斯的報道中,冷戰(zhàn)時期的意識形態(tài)仍然清晰可見。 第四章主要對《紐約時報》建構(gòu)俄羅斯形象的原因進行分析,旨在探究《紐約時報》構(gòu)建俄羅斯形象的根本立場和出發(fā)點。首先,《紐約時報》對俄羅斯報道中常用的寫作和報道風格直接反映出對俄羅斯的態(tài)度。在寫作風格上,《紐約時報》嚴肅客觀,但有策略地選擇報道重點對讀者加以引導。比如：熱衷報道吸引眼球的負面新聞。其次,美國與生俱來的價值觀和對俄羅斯持有的歷史觀也是影響《紐約時報》對俄羅斯形象認知的重要因素,在《紐約時報》的報道中也能夠明顯地反映出來。最后,美俄關系的冷暖也是媒體報道并建構(gòu)俄羅斯國家形象的重要依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The national image reflects the general evaluation of the public on the country itself, the state's behavior and its achievements, and reflects the comprehensive impression of the nationals of the country on the political, economic, cultural, historical, social and ideological aspects of the country. The national image can reflect the comprehensive national strength of the country in a more comprehensive manner, but also has a strong subjective nature. There is a certain difference between the concept and the real situation. The national image is presented to the public through the mass media channel and can also be constructed through the same channel. The plane media is one of the most important channels.
The study of the national image of the mainstream American graphic media is one of the hotspots in the academic circles in recent years. It is of great significance to understand the cognition and attitude of the mainstream American society to the image of other countries. The mainstream American media is in the country with its strong economic strength, rich communication experience, English advantage and professional reporting team. It plays a decisive role in the process of image building. Its views and opinions have a great influence on international public opinion.
This study selected < New York Times > as the object of study. < New York Times > is one of the most representative media in the mainstream American print media. The investigation of the national image in < New York Times > reflects the cognition of the national image of the United States in the United States. This period is from 2008 to 2011. In the past four years, a major event in the history of Russia - US relations, including the Russian conflict and the reopening of the United States and Russia, was conducted in this study, mainly using the New York Times > the Russian report as the research sample (keyword Russia) to investigate the Russian state image in the New York Times. This study tries to answer what the Russian image in New York Times is, what is the image of the Russian state, what is the symbol of the Russian national image and the Russian national image. How will the interests of the United States be affected?
This article is divided into the following four parts:
The first chapter is the introduction of the full text. This chapter explains the relevant concepts and significance of the topic, and introduces the background of this study and the current research situation at home and abroad. Finally, this chapter also introduces the research methods used in this study.
The second chapter will make a quantitative analysis of the reports on Russia from 2008 to 2011 with the method of journalism analysis. In the four years, < New York Times > the overall degree of concern to Russia is less than it used to be, and the trend of decline is obvious. The theme of Russian reports is mainly focused on the traditional security collar, such as politics, military and so on. The area is less concerned about Russia's non-traditional security field, as well as culture, art and sports.
The third chapter mainly carries on the text analysis. In this part, through the preliminary conclusion of the study of the second chapters, this article selects the important figures and major events in the Russian US relations, such as the MEP combination, the Khodorkovsky case, the Russian and Russian conflicts and the reopening of the United States and Russia. Reports such as quotations and details are reported in a seemingly objective narrative, but the negative tendencies are obvious. In the New York Times > the cold war ideology is still clearly visible.
The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the reasons for the construction of the Russian image of < New York Times > to explore the fundamental position and starting point of the New York Times > construction of Russian image. First, < New York Times > the style of writing and reporting used in Russian reports directly reflects the attitude towards Russia. In the writing style, < < New York Times > serious. Objective, but there is a strategic choice to select the focus of the report to guide the reader. For example, it is keen to report negative news that attracts eyeballs. Secondly, the United States' inherent values and the history view of Russia are also important factors affecting the New York Times's perception of Russian image, and in the New York Times > the report can also be significantly reversed. Finally, the cold and warm relationship between the United States and Russia is also an important basis for media coverage and construction of Russia's national image.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D851.2

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