發(fā)布時間：2018-05-21 18:57

  本文選題：卡特政府 + 美中關(guān)系��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：軍事關(guān)系是國家間最敏感的關(guān)系,也是衡量國家問關(guān)系最重要的指標(biāo)之一。關(guān)于卡特時期的美國對華安全政策與中美軍事關(guān)系,前人著作雖然偶有提及,然而囿于材料,存在諸多未盡之處。目前,隨著卡特時期美國外交檔案的逐漸解密,針對這一專題的研究條件逐漸成熟。本文通過對美國國務(wù)院新近解密的檔案材料,以及其他檔案資料、相關(guān)當(dāng)事人回憶錄和前人研究成果等相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的梳理、解讀、分析,對卡特時期的美國對華安全政策與中美軍事關(guān)系進(jìn)行了重新審視和微觀研究。在著力弄清各項政策的出臺背景、具體內(nèi)容、演變歷程的基礎(chǔ)上,本文分析了政策演變的原因、特點、限度等,認(rèn)為：這一時期的美國對華安全政策經(jīng)歷了從設(shè)想到落實再到擴(kuò)展的過程,這一過程受到諸多內(nèi)外因素的影響,這些影響因素中既有促進(jìn)雙邊安全合作的,又有限制甚至阻礙雙邊安全合作的,在其共同影響下,美國對華安全政策和中美安全關(guān)系呈現(xiàn)出有限合作的特點,這也反映了中美關(guān)系的復(fù)雜性。首先,卡特時期的美國對華安全政策經(jīng)歷了從設(shè)想到落實再到擴(kuò)展的過程。上臺初期,美國政府在制定PRM24過程中討論了與防務(wù)相關(guān)的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓問題,同一時期布熱津斯基發(fā)出了與中國建立安全關(guān)系的政策倡議,1978年美國調(diào)整其亞洲戰(zhàn)略,更加重視中國的安全作用,確立了在技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓政策上小幅度區(qū)別中蘇的原則。中越?jīng)_突爆發(fā)后,基于自身在亞太的戰(zhàn)略和對中國的安全定位,美國著手制定了對華安全政策的總體設(shè)想。在關(guān)系正�；c應(yīng)對蘇聯(lián)進(jìn)攻形勢等因素作用下,美中安全合作關(guān)系在1979年5月正式開啟。然而,美國內(nèi)部仍然存在不同意見,經(jīng)過兩次圍繞布朗訪華的政策辯論,美國政府進(jìn)一步從整體到細(xì)節(jié)上明確了對華安全政策。阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭背景下的布朗訪問直接推動了美中安全合作,雙方邁入了實質(zhì)性的安全關(guān)系。以此為契機(jī),中美雙方在安全領(lǐng)域內(nèi)展開了具體的合作事宜,合作關(guān)系隨著卡特政府下臺順利地落下了帷幕。其次,卡特時期的中美安全關(guān)系主要在高層訪問、軍事交流機(jī)制建立及其應(yīng)用、技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓等方面展開。因而在梳理過程中,本文論述并分析了這三個不同層面的政策在各個時間段上的變化。建交之后,最為推動美中安全合作關(guān)系的方式就是雙方高層之間的互訪,其中尤其鄧小平訪美、布朗訪華、中國軍事代表團(tuán)訪美為著。在這些訪問中,雙方確立了軍事交流的機(jī)制,涉及后勤、低階軍官、軍事院校學(xué)術(shù)交流等各個方面。美國在對華技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓上的控制政策,隨著雙邊軍事關(guān)系的展開而逐步放松,轉(zhuǎn)讓領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)大,處理方式更加靈活�？傊�,此時的美國對華安全政策在不同層面緩慢地發(fā)生著不同程度的變化。最后,在論述清楚政策內(nèi)容和過程的基礎(chǔ)上,文章縱向分析了美國對華安全政策發(fā)生變化的原因、特點、限度等。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),美國對華安全政策受到三角外交關(guān)系、雙邊關(guān)系的其他方面、美國盟友態(tài)度與政策、官僚政治等諸多因素的影響,而且一些促進(jìn)安全關(guān)系展開的因素,本身就存在著兩面性,這就一定程度上限制了政策的變動范圍,決定了美中安全合作關(guān)系的性質(zhì)——有限的合作關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Military relationship is the most sensitive relationship between the state and one of the most important indicators to measure the relationship between the state and the state. In the period of Carter's American security policy to China and the Sino US military relations, the predecessors' works have even mentioned it, but they are limited in materials. At present, with the gradual deciphering of the American Diplomatic Files in the period of the Carter period, the needle has been decipher. The research conditions of this topic are gradually mature. Through the combing, reading and analyzing the relevant documents, the Memoirs of the relevant parties and the research results of the predecessors, the article reviews and analyzes the relevant documents of the newly deciphering archives materials and other archival materials, the Memoirs of the relevant parties and the previous research, and reexamines the United States policy on Huaan and the military relations between the United States and the United States in the period of Carter. On the basis of making clear the background, content and evolution of various policies, this paper analyzes the reasons, characteristics and limits of the evolution of the policy. It is believed that the security policy of the United States to China in this period has experienced a process from conceive to implementation to expansion, and this process has been influenced by many internal and external factors. The influence factors not only promote bilateral security cooperation but also restrict and even impede bilateral security cooperation. Under its common influence, the United States has a limited cooperation with China's security policy and Sino US security relations, which also reflects the complexity of the Sino US relations. First, the American security policy of the United States in the Carter period has experienced a tentative plan. At the beginning of the stage, the United States government discussed the issue of technology transfer related to defense during the early stage of the PRM24 process. In the same period, Brzezinski issued a policy initiative to establish a security relationship with China. In 1978, the United States adjusted its Asian strategy, paid more attention to China's security role, and established the technology transfer. After the outbreak of the Sino Vietnam conflict, the United States has set out the overall vision of the security policy towards China, based on its own strategy in the Asia Pacific and the security of China. The United States and China cooperation relationship was officially opened in May 1979. There are still different opinions in the United States. After two policy debates around Brown's visit to China, the United States government further clarifies the security policy towards China from the whole to the details. Brown's visit in the context of the Afghan war has directly promoted the security cooperation between the United States and China, and the two sides have entered a substantial security relationship. In the field of security, specific cooperation has been carried out, and the cooperation relationship has been successfully draped with the downfall of the Carter administration. Secondly, the Sino US security relations in the Carter period are mainly on high level visits, the establishment of military communication mechanism and its application, technology transfer and so on. In the process of combing, the three differences are discussed and analyzed. After the establishment of diplomatic relations, the way to promote the United States and China's security cooperation is to exchange visits between the two sides, especially Deng Xiaoping's visit to the United States, Brown's visit to China, and the visit of the Chinese military delegation to the United States. In these visits, the two sides have established a mechanism for military communication, involving logistics, lower rank officers and troops. The control policy of American technology transfer to China has gradually relaxed with the expansion of bilateral military relations, the field of transfer is expanded, and the way of handling is more flexible. In a word, the US China security policy has changed slowly at different levels. Finally, it discusses clear policy. On the basis of the content and process, the article analyses the reasons, characteristics and limits of the American security policy to China. The study finds that the US security policy to China is influenced by the triangular diplomatic relations, other aspects of the bilateral relations, the attitude and policy of the United States, the bureaucracy and other factors, and some of the security relations. The unfolding factor itself has a dual nature, which limits the scope of the policy changes to a certain extent and determines the nature of the United States and China's security cooperation relations - a limited cooperative relationship.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D871.2

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本文編號：1920365