本文選題：波羅的海 + 地緣政治格局�。� 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：波羅的海位于歐亞大陸的西北一側(cè),處在大陸心臟地帶和邊緣海之間,歷來都是國家爭斗的戰(zhàn)場。20世紀(jì)以前,波羅的海周邊國家,包括俄國、波蘭、芬蘭、立陶宛、德國等國都曾在波羅的海區(qū)域展開過激烈的角逐。兩次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,波羅的海區(qū)域更是成為蘇俄、德國以及美國爭斗的重要場所。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束至今,波羅的海區(qū)域雖然沒有再爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭,但是圍繞這一邊緣地區(qū)的爭奪卻仍在上演,美國力量的介入使得這一區(qū)域的局勢發(fā)展變得更加復(fù)雜。為什么波羅的海會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出如此紛繁復(fù)雜的發(fā)展態(tài)勢?我們不妨從地理與歷史的角度入手,在汲取麥金德、斯皮克曼、布熱津斯基等理論家思想精華的基礎(chǔ)之上,以經(jīng)典的地緣政治理論去解釋波羅的海地緣政治格局的形成和演變。 本文主要從地緣位置、地緣環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值和戰(zhàn)略價(jià)值四個(gè)方面,來分析波羅的海地緣政治環(huán)境的特征及其重要性,解析波羅的海區(qū)域內(nèi)外各個(gè)力量介入此區(qū)域的原因,進(jìn)而解釋不同時(shí)期、在不同力量主導(dǎo)下的、波羅的海地緣政治格局的不同特點(diǎn)。 其中,蘇俄作為波羅的海區(qū)域內(nèi)的一個(gè)重要力量,對(duì)波羅的海地緣政治格局的形成和演變發(fā)揮著主導(dǎo)作用。波羅的海優(yōu)越的戰(zhàn)略位置和巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值,對(duì)蘇俄發(fā)展國家權(quán)力和追求國家安全有著極大的吸引力。因而,在權(quán)力要素和安全要素的驅(qū)使下,蘇俄多次對(duì)波羅的海地區(qū)進(jìn)行了武裝占領(lǐng)和政治控制,也主導(dǎo)了波羅的海地緣政治格局的演變。 20世紀(jì)末,東歐劇變、蘇聯(lián)解體等一系列重大事件的發(fā)生,導(dǎo)致世界地緣政治格局有了令人矚目的變化。原蘇聯(lián)各加盟共和國的獨(dú)立和德國的統(tǒng)一,致使歐亞大陸的地緣政治格局激烈震蕩,“心臟地帶”周圍形成了一條權(quán)力的真空地帶。在美國、俄羅斯、德國以及波羅的海域內(nèi)小國的多重力量的影響之下,波羅的海地緣政治格局朝著多極化的方向發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The Baltic Sea is located on the northwest side of Eurasia, between the heart of the continent and the marginal sea, and has historically been a battleground of national strife. Before the 20th century, the Baltic states, including Russia, Poland, Finland, Lithuania, Germany and other countries have fought fiercely in the Baltic region. During the two world wars, the Baltic region became an important arena for fighting between Russia, Germany and the United States. Since the end of the Cold War, there has been no further war in the Baltic Sea region, but the competition around this marginal region is still taking place, and the situation in this region is becoming more complicated by the intervention of American forces. Why is the Baltic Sea taking on such a complicated development? From the point of view of geography and history, we can explain the formation and evolution of the geopolitical pattern of the Baltic Sea with classical geopolitical theory on the basis of absorbing the essence of McKinde, Spikman, Brzezinski and other theorists. This paper analyzes the characteristics and importance of the geopolitical environment in the Baltic Sea from the four aspects of geographical location, geographical environment, economic value and strategic value, and analyzes the reasons for the various forces inside and outside the Baltic Sea region to intervene in the region. Then it explains the different characteristics of the Baltic geopolitical pattern in different periods and under different forces. Among them, Soviet Russia, as an important force in the Baltic Sea region, played a leading role in the formation and evolution of the Baltic geopolitical pattern. The superior strategic position and enormous economic value of Baltic Sea have great attraction for Soviet Russia to develop state power and pursue national security. Therefore, driven by the elements of power and security, Soviet Russia carried out armed occupation and political control over the Baltic Sea region many times, and also dominated the evolution of the geopolitical structure of the Baltic Sea. At the end of the 20th century, the dramatic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union led to remarkable changes in the geopolitical structure of the world. The independence of the former Soviet republics and the unification of Germany caused a violent shock in the geopolitical structure of Eurasia, and a vacuum of power was formed around the "heartland". Under the influence of the United States, Russia, Germany and the small countries in the Baltic Sea, the geopolitical structure of the Baltic Sea is moving towards multipolarity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D81

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