本文選題：社會(huì)主義 + 共識(shí)��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 中國(guó)與國(guó)外的國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)與歷史學(xué)學(xué)者之所以熟知坦桑尼亞,其原因主要有兩個(gè):一個(gè)源于坦贊鐵路(20世紀(jì)70年代中國(guó)在第三世界的最大援助工程,它完全由中國(guó)政府出資與修筑),另一個(gè)是坦桑尼亞的首任總統(tǒng)朱利葉斯·尼雷爾。以上這些原因使我對(duì)順利發(fā)展的兩國(guó)傳統(tǒng)關(guān)系產(chǎn)生了興趣,并在這一過(guò)程中逐漸了解與學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)和歷史學(xué)兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域?qū)W者的相關(guān)著作。在坦噶尼喀和桑給巴爾合并成坦桑尼亞共和國(guó)之后,中國(guó)和坦桑尼亞于1964年4月26日建立外交關(guān)系。而中國(guó)則是亞洲唯一一個(gè)承認(rèn)1964年桑給巴爾革命的國(guó)家。自那時(shí)起,由于中國(guó)對(duì)坦桑尼亞政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的影響,中坦關(guān)系經(jīng)歷了一段長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展。中國(guó)與坦桑尼亞友好關(guān)系的發(fā)展深受毛澤東主席的影響。 本文的中心論點(diǎn)是探討自建交以來(lái)導(dǎo)致兩國(guó)關(guān)系不斷密切發(fā)展的共識(shí)。我將題目定為“中國(guó)對(duì)坦桑尼亞外交政策研究(20世紀(jì)60年代-70年代)”。社會(huì)主義發(fā)展道路、對(duì)撒哈拉以南非洲解放的態(tài)度是兩國(guó)間關(guān)系密切的共識(shí)。本文也評(píng)估了毛澤東的社會(huì)主義政策對(duì)坦桑尼亞發(fā)展道路的作用。從20世紀(jì)60年代中期到80年代,坦桑尼亞經(jīng)歷了由首任總統(tǒng)朱利葉斯·尼雷爾在阿魯沙宣言中所介紹的社會(huì)主義發(fā)展道路。在尼雷爾當(dāng)政時(shí)期,他為了保持同中國(guó)的緊密關(guān)系,推行了社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)政策,同時(shí),也推行了一種被稱為“烏賈馬”似的鄉(xiāng)村農(nóng)業(yè)集體化制度。由于種種原因,尼雷爾在1985年宣布“烏賈馬”制度失敗。但是這些狀況并沒(méi)有影響中國(guó)的對(duì)坦政策。 研究方法 就研究方法而言,本論文主要采用文獻(xiàn)研究法,使用資料收集分析數(shù)據(jù)。因此,主要將一定數(shù)目的書籍、學(xué)術(shù)期刊,論文,報(bào)紙雜志、政府出版物和網(wǎng)絡(luò)檢索作為數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源。此外,還包括權(quán)威的新聞機(jī)構(gòu)如新華網(wǎng),中國(guó)國(guó)際廣播電臺(tái)和電視臺(tái)的節(jié)目。該分析主要集中識(shí)別資料來(lái)源和其他相關(guān)的文件與材料。 論文簡(jiǎn)綱 本文主要包含四個(gè)部分 第一章理論框架和坦桑尼亞的基本情況 本章主要討論文中所用到的基本理論。在國(guó)際關(guān)系研究的諸多理論中,建構(gòu)主義理論對(duì)于本文研究最為適宜。該理論由亞歷山大·溫特最先提出并進(jìn)一步推動(dòng),主要包含兩個(gè)基本原則:1、人類交往聯(lián)系的建構(gòu)主要是由于共識(shí)而非物質(zhì)力量2、有意識(shí)行為體的身份和利益主要是由共識(shí)所建構(gòu)。 除了這些,該部分還介紹了作為東非地區(qū)最大國(guó)家的坦桑尼亞的詳細(xì)資料,如它的歷史背景,地理位置,以及作為國(guó)際關(guān)系戰(zhàn)略點(diǎn)的重要性。 第二章中國(guó)對(duì)坦桑尼亞外交政策的政治分析(1960年代-1970年代)中國(guó)分別在1961年9月和1963年11月份與坦噶尼喀和桑給巴爾建立了外交關(guān)系。1964年4月26日,坦噶尼喀、桑給巴爾兩國(guó)合并成為坦桑尼亞,中國(guó)則順其自然的延續(xù)了與其的外交關(guān)系,并把坦桑尼亞建國(guó)紀(jì)念日作為兩國(guó)建交紀(jì)念日。 在這部分中,我論述了中坦聯(lián)系的背景及兩國(guó)對(duì)于對(duì)撒哈拉以南非洲解放的態(tài)度。我也研究了毛澤東的社會(huì)主義思想及其對(duì)坦桑尼亞的影響,尼雷爾的社會(huì)主義思想及其影響,以及周恩來(lái)、卡魯姆對(duì)兩國(guó)間社會(huì)主義方針的實(shí)施所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。毛澤東、周恩來(lái)以及后來(lái)的朱利葉斯·尼雷爾和阿貝德.卡魯姆被認(rèn)為是促使中坦建交并推動(dòng)兩國(guó)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系的關(guān)鍵性人物。 第三章中國(guó)對(duì)坦桑尼亞外交政策的經(jīng)濟(jì)分析(1960年代-1970年代) 本章是論文的重要部分,主要研究了中國(guó)和坦桑尼亞兩個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)互助、基本協(xié)議和貿(mào)易關(guān)系,并為中國(guó)對(duì)坦的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助作為中坦傳統(tǒng)關(guān)系的基石提供了實(shí)證。同時(shí)本章還探討了毛澤東時(shí)期中國(guó)對(duì)坦桑尼亞經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的主要意義,還有兩國(guó)間的援助與協(xié)議。其中一些比較重要的援建項(xiàng)目包括:坦贊鐵路、中坦船舶公司等。就協(xié)議而言,我主要研究了兩國(guó)于1965年2月簽署的《中坦友好條約》 第四章舊有基礎(chǔ)上建立起來(lái)的新型關(guān)系 第四章是本文的結(jié)論部分,主要評(píng)價(jià)了始于毛澤東時(shí)代的當(dāng)代中坦兩國(guó)關(guān)系,同時(shí)歷史上的合作關(guān)系也可以給當(dāng)代中坦兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人以一定啟示。這部分評(píng)價(jià)了當(dāng)代中坦的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)政策、中坦關(guān)系的重大挑戰(zhàn)以及從歷史中所得出的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。
[Abstract]:There are two main reasons why Chinese and foreign scholars of international relations and history know Tanzania. One is from the tanzan Railway (China's largest aid project in the third world in 1970s, it is fully funded and built by the Chinese government), and the other is the first president of Tanzania, Julius Nyerere. These reasons led to my interest in the smooth development of the traditional relations between the two countries. In this process, I gradually learned about the related works of scholars in two fields of international relations and history. After the merger of Tanganyika and Zanzibar into the Republic of Tanzania, China and Tanzania established diplomatic relations in April 26, 1964. China is the only country in Asia that recognised the Zanzibar revolution in 1964. Since then, China's relationship with Tanzania has undergone a long and stable development because of its influence on Tanzania's political and economic policies. The development of China's friendly relations with Tanzania is deeply influenced by President Mao Zedong.
The central point of this article is to discuss the consensus on the continuous development of relations between the two countries since the establishment of diplomatic relations. I set the topic "China's foreign policy study on Tanzania (1960s -70 years)". The road of socialist development, the attitude of the Saharan Africa liberation is a close agreement between the two countries. This paper also evaluates the relationship between the two countries. The role of Mao Zedong's socialist policy on the development of Tanzania. From the mid 1960s to 80s, Tanzania experienced the socialist development path introduced by the first president Julius Nyerere in the Arusha declaration. In the period of Nyerere's administration, he carried out the society in order to maintain close relations with China. At the same time, a system of rural agricultural collectivization, called Ujama, was also introduced. For a variety of reasons, Nyerere declared the "Ujama" system failed in 1985. But these conditions did not affect China's policy on Tanzania.
research method
As far as the research method is concerned, this paper mainly adopts the literature research method and uses the data to collect and analyze the data. Therefore, it mainly includes a certain number of books, academic periodicals, papers, newspapers and magazines, government publications and network retrieval as data sources. In addition, it also includes the authoritative new organizations such as Xinhua, China International Radio and television. The analysis focuses on identifying sources of information and other relevant documents and materials.
Brief outline of paper
This article mainly contains four parts
Chapter one: theoretical framework and basic situation in Tanzania
This chapter mainly discusses the basic theories used in this article. In the many theories of international relations, constructivism is most suitable for this study. The theory was first proposed and further promoted by Alexander Winter, which mainly includes two basic principles: 1, the construction of human communication links is mainly due to consensus rather than material force. 2, the identity and interests of conscious actors are mainly constructed by consensus.
In addition to these, the section also introduces the details of Tanzania, the largest country in the East African region, such as its historical background, geographical location, and the importance of the strategic point of international relations.
The second chapter of China's political analysis of Tanzania's foreign policy (1960s -1970 years) China established diplomatic relations with Tanganyika and Zanzibar in September 1961 and November 1963 respectively. In April 26th, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged into Tanzania, and China continued their diplomacy with their own nature. Relations, and the anniversary of the founding of the Tanzania as the anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries.
In this section, I discuss the background of Sino Tan's connection and the attitude of the two countries to the liberation of sub Saharan Africa. I also studied Mao Zedong's socialist ideology and its influence on Tanzania, Nyerere's socialist ideology and its influence, and Zhou Enlai and kalum's implementation of the socialist policy between the two countries. Contributions. Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and later Julius Nyerere and abed kurm are considered to be key figures for the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries and the promotion of the political and economic ties between the two countries.
The third chapter is China's economic analysis of Tanzania's foreign policy (1960s -1970).
This chapter is an important part of the thesis. It mainly studies the mutual economic assistance, basic agreements and trade relations of two developing countries in China and Tanzania, and provides empirical evidence for China's economic assistance as a traditional relationship between China and the tanzan. Meanwhile, this chapter also discusses the main meaning of China's economic assistance to Tanzania during the Mao Zedong period. Some of the more important projects for aid and construction include the Tanzania railway, the Zhong Tan Shipping Co and so on. In terms of the agreement, I mainly studied the Sino - Tan Treaty of friendship, signed by the two countries in February 1965.
The fourth chapter is a new relationship established on the basis of old ones.
The fourth chapter is the concluding part of this article, which mainly evaluates the contemporary Sino tanning relationship that began in the Mao Zedong era, and the cooperation relationship in history can also give some inspiration to the leaders of the contemporary China and the two countries. This part evaluates the political and economic policies of the contemporary China, the major challenges of the Sino tanning relationship and the experience gained from the history. Lesson.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D829.4

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