本文選題：歐洲 + 國際關系��； 參考：《南京大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：歷史上,島嶼主權爭端對于海權發(fā)展有著重要影響,同時它也是當代國際關系中的關鍵課題之一。19世紀末至20世紀中葉,歐洲國家在解決相互間島嶼主權爭端過程中探索出多種行之有效的沖突化解機制。和平處理、合作共贏是其島嶼爭端調(diào)節(jié)機制的主要特點。這一時期,歐洲國家通過合理的爭端處理模式,成功化解了不同類型的多起島嶼主權爭端,為集體安全提供了更充分的保證,最終消除了和平環(huán)境的潛在威脅,促進了良性國際關系的構建。這對當下具有重要的借鑒意義。本文共分四章,主要內(nèi)容如下:緒論部分主要介紹論文選題背景和研究意義、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀以及論文采用的主要研究方法和文章結構。第一章歸納總結歐洲島嶼主權爭端基本情況、特點、解決途徑和影響。歐洲國家間島嶼主權爭端影響范圍廣闊。各國傾向于通過外交談判或國際法院仲裁等形式,和平解決爭端,取得了較好效果。第二章主要介紹英國同德國赫爾戈蘭島爭端的歷史發(fā)展和解決,并歸納總結整合性談判模式的特點和影響。赫爾戈蘭島位于德國近海,19世紀80年代時由英國控制。該島在國家安全和海軍建設層面對德國具有重要價值,因此統(tǒng)一后的德國要求獲得赫爾戈蘭主權。受兩國關系、實力對比和國際環(huán)境影響,外交談判成為處理這一爭端的主要形式。英德殖民地矛盾的發(fā)展推動了赫爾戈蘭問題的解決。1890年英德簽訂《赫爾戈蘭—桑給巴爾條約》,英國割讓赫爾戈蘭島,換取德國放棄其在東非的部分殖民地利益。兩國通過相互協(xié)商,和平解決了島嶼爭端。英德兩國采取的整合性談判模式,有助于雙方充分認識彼此核心利益,進而互相妥協(xié)、化解爭議,避免沖突升級,實現(xiàn)共同利益最大化。第三章主要介紹英國和法國海峽群島爭端的歷史與解決情況,同時分析國際法院仲裁模式對于解決此類爭端的功能。國際法院在戰(zhàn)后主權國家之間的領土爭端解決中發(fā)揮著重要作用。英法海峽群島爭端是國際法院成立后成功裁決的第一例領土爭端。19世紀后,英法針對海峽群島中明基埃群島和�？撕伤谷簫u的主權歸屬產(chǎn)生爭端。在協(xié)商未果的情況下,雙方于1951年將爭端提交位于荷蘭海牙的國際法院。1953年,國際法院經(jīng)過審理并主要依據(jù)"有效控制"原則,裁定爭議島嶼的主權屬于英國。英法兩國通過國際法院仲裁模式,成功化解了海峽群島爭端,這對于我國處理與周邊國家的島嶼爭端具有極為現(xiàn)實的借鑒意義。第四章主要介紹歐洲各國圍繞斯瓦爾巴群島歸屬問題的外交活動,歸納總結共同開發(fā)模式的特點和影響。斯瓦爾巴群島是北極地區(qū)主要島嶼之一。19世紀末,針對斯瓦爾巴群島歸屬,挪威、瑞典、沙俄等國發(fā)生爭議。1920年簽署的《斯瓦爾巴條約》徹底解決了關于該群島歸屬問題�！端雇郀柊蜅l約》在賦予挪威對該群島充分和完全主權的同時,確保各締約國的公民可以自由進入,在遵守當?shù)胤傻那闆r下平等從事正當?shù)纳a(chǎn)和經(jīng)營活動,從而確立了共同開發(fā)原則。"斯瓦爾巴模式"能夠有效避免沖突升級、促進互利共贏,在解決島嶼爭端的實踐中具有重要意義。結語部分總結歐洲國家解決島嶼爭端的成功經(jīng)驗,對三種主要解決模式的特點和作用進行概括。以和平化解爭端為核心的島嶼爭端解決模式在歐洲歷史上得到充分發(fā)展,這也為我國開拓海洋事業(yè)提供了重要啟示。
[Abstract]:In history, island sovereignty disputes have an important influence on the development of maritime rights. At the same time, it is also one of the key issues in the contemporary international relations. From the end of the.19 century to the middle of the twentieth Century, the European countries have explored various effective conflict resolution mechanisms in the process of solving the sovereignty dispute between each other island. In this period, the European countries successfully solved the different types of island sovereignty disputes through a reasonable dispute handling mode, which provided a more sufficient guarantee for the collective security, eventually eliminated the potential threat to the peaceful environment and promoted the construction of the good international relations. This has an important loan to the present. This article is divided into four chapters. The main contents are as follows: the introduction mainly introduces the background and significance of the topic, the current situation at home and abroad, the main research methods and the structure of the paper. The first chapter sums up the basic situation, characteristics, solutions and effects of the island sovereignty dispute in Europe. The second chapters mainly introduce the historical development and settlement of the dispute between Britain and the Hull Golan island in Germany, and summarize the characteristics and effects of the integrated negotiation model. The Hull Golan island is located in the offshore of Germany, 1 Under the control of the United Kingdom in 880s, the island was of great value in the face of the national security and naval construction, so the reunification Germany demanded the sovereignty of the Hull Golan. The diplomatic negotiations became the main form of dealing with the dispute by the relations of the two countries, the contrast of strength and the international environmental impact. The settlement of the Hull Golan issue in.1890, Britain and Germany signed the Hull Golan Zanzibar treaty, the British ceded the Hull Golan in exchange for the German abandonment of its partial colonial interests in East Africa. The two countries settled the island dispute peacefully through mutual consultation. The integrated negotiation model adopted by Britain and Germany will help both sides to fully understand each other. The third chapter mainly introduces the history and the settlement of the dispute between the British and the French Strait Islands, and analyzes the function of the arbitration model of the International Court of justice for the settlement of such disputes. The dispute between the English and French islands is the first case of a territorial dispute after the establishment of the International Court of justice after the founding of the International Court of Justice (.19), and the British and French disputes over the sovereignty of the islands and the eke islands in the Strait Islands. In 1951, the dispute was submitted to the country in Hague, Holland. In.1953, the International Court of justice, after trial and mainly based on the principle of "effective control", ruled that the sovereignty of the disputed islands belonged to the UK. Through the arbitration model of the International Court of justice, the two countries successfully defused the Strait Islands Dispute, which is of great practical significance for our country to deal with the islands of the surrounding countries. The fourth chapters are mainly concerned. The characteristics and influence of the European countries around the ascription of the Svalbard Archipelago are summed up. The Svalbard Islands is one of the main islands of the Arctic region at the end of the.19 century. The svalbun treaty, signed by the Svalbard Islands, Norway, Sweden and Russia, has been completely resolved by the svalba treaty in.1920. The J Val Ba treaty, while giving Norway the full and full sovereignty of the archipelago, ensures that citizens of all States parties are free to enter and engage in legitimate production and operation in compliance with local laws, thus establishing the principle of co development. The "J Val Ba model" can be effective. To avoid conflict escalation and promote mutual benefit and win-win situation, it is of great significance in the practice of settlement of island disputes. The concluding part summarizes the successful experience of the European countries to solve the island dispute and generalizes the characteristics and functions of the three main solutions. The island dispute settlement model at the core of the peaceful resolution of disputes has been fully developed in European history. This also provides important inspiration for China to open up the ocean industry.

【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D815.3

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1 楊義成;近代以來歐洲島嶼主權爭端解決模式研究[D];南京大學;2017年

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