本文選題：援越抗美 + 中美關系　； 參考：《南開大學》2010年博士論文

【摘要】：1979年11月20日,中國《人民日報》公布：“在越南抗美救國戰(zhàn)爭期間,中國向越南派出的防空、工程、鐵道、后勤保障等支援部隊先后總計達32萬人,最高年份達17萬余人。”這是第一次中國公開宣布中國軍隊援越抗美軍事行動的情況。隨著部分檔案資料的開放和回憶材料的發(fā)表、研究的不斷深入,中國援越抗美軍事行動慢慢揭開了神秘的面目。中越之間由最初中國援助越南抗擊法國殖民統(tǒng)治,其間中越同心協(xié)力抗擊美國在越南的侵略行徑,發(fā)展到逐漸走向疏遠、甚至敵視。究其原因,很重要的一點在于國際冷戰(zhàn)格局下中美蘇三角關系變化的制約和影響。中國援越抗美軍事行動的真相是什么,中國是如何作出向越南派遣支援部隊決策的,中國支援部隊究竟擔負什么樣使命?中美關系及中蘇關系的變化對中越關系的發(fā)展為何具有決定意義? 本文試圖借助中國抗美援越這樣一個平臺,梳理援越抗美決策的過程,探討全力支持越南抗擊美國的原因,考察中越關系由“同志加兄弟”般的親密,發(fā)展到逐漸疏遠、甚至對抗這一過程中美國、蘇聯(lián)等諸多的影響因素。通過這一研究,了解冷戰(zhàn)時期亞洲國際關系的演變歷程,以及這一時期中美、中蘇、中越關系的變化,以求為正確認識當前世界格局,妥善處理好中美、中越乃至中俄關系提供一個歷史參照。 論文以中國援越抗美事件為切入點,以越南戰(zhàn)爭進程中中越關系的發(fā)展變化為主線,將問題集中于中美、中蘇關系變化對中越關系的影響,堅持論從史出,從多學科的角度來研究這一問題。 本文共分為3個部分。 第一部分,緒論,包括選題意義、研究現(xiàn)狀、研究方法、創(chuàng)新和不足之處。 第二部分,中國援越抗美的過程與中越關系變化的演變歷程。這一部分包括第一章到第四章的內容,是本論文分析闡述的重點。中國積極支持越南北方反抗美國侵略,中越在抗美戰(zhàn)爭中相互支持與合作,使雙方關系獲得了前所未有的鞏固和發(fā)展,但是中越在戰(zhàn)爭中也有矛盾與分歧。中美關系因在越南的間接對抗一度嚴重對峙,但隨著越南戰(zhàn)爭的推進卻跌宕起伏。越南戰(zhàn)爭后期,隨著國際上各種政治力量的分化重組,中美和解,聯(lián)合抗蘇,中國實際退出冷戰(zhàn),中國與越南關系呈現(xiàn)出惡化的前景,蘇聯(lián)則與越南結成盟友,轉入與中國和美國抗衡的歷程。 第三部分,論文的結論部分。通過對中國援越抗美和中越關系演變的梳理,得出國家利益是處理國家戰(zhàn)略關系的最高準則,對中國援越抗美軍事行動進行了客觀的評價,對中美、中越關系進行深層思考。
[Abstract]:On November 20, 1979, China's "People's Daily" announced: "during the Vietnam War against the United States and Salvation of the Nation, China sent to Vietnam a total of 320000 air defense, engineering, railway and logistical support units, with a maximum of more than 170000 in the year." This is the first time that China has publicly announced its military assistance to Vietnam against the United States. With the opening of some archives and the publication of recollection materials and the deepening of the research, the Chinese military action against the United States slowly uncovers the mystery. China and Vietnam initially assisted Vietnam to fight against French colonial rule, during which China and Vietnam made concerted efforts to resist American aggression in Vietnam, and gradually developed into alienation and even hostility. The reason lies in the restriction and influence of the change of the Sino-American-Soviet triangle under the international cold war. What is the truth of China's military action against Vietnam against the United States? how did China make the decision to send support troops to Vietnam? what is the mission of the Chinese support forces? Why are the changes in Sino-US relations and Sino-Soviet relations decisive to the development of Sino-Vietnamese relations? With the help of a platform such as China's anti-US assistance to Vietnam, this paper attempts to sort out the decision-making process of Vietnam's anti-US policy, to explore the reasons for fully supporting Vietnam's resistance to the United States, and to examine the development of Sino-Vietnamese relations from "gay and fraternal" intimacy to gradually estrangement. Even in the process of confrontation with the United States, the Soviet Union and many other factors. Through this study, we can understand the evolution of Asia's international relations during the Cold War and the changes in Sino-US, Sino-Soviet, and Sino-Vietnamese relations during this period, in order to correctly understand the current world pattern and properly handle the Sino-US relations. Sino-Vietnamese and even Sino-Russian relations provide a historical reference. Based on the incident of Chinese aid to Vietnam against the United States and the development and change of Sino-Vietnamese relations during the Vietnam War, the thesis focuses on the issues of China and the United States, and the influence of the changes in Sino-Soviet relations on the relations between China and Vietnam. The problem is studied from a multidisciplinary perspective. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part, introduction, including the significance of the topic, research status, research methods, innovation and deficiencies. In the second part, the course of China's aid to Vietnam and the evolution of Sino-Vietnamese relations. This part includes the first chapter to the fourth chapter, which is the focus of this paper. China actively supported the north of Vietnam to resist the American aggression, and China and Vietnam supported each other and cooperated in the war against the United States, which consolidated and developed the bilateral relations as never before, but there were contradictions and differences in the war between China and Vietnam. Relations between China and the United States over indirect confrontation in Vietnam once serious confrontation, but with the Vietnam War but ups and downs. In the latter part of the Vietnam War, with the division and reorganization of various political forces in the world, the reconciliation between China and the United States, the joint resistance to the Soviet Union, and China's actual withdrawal from the Cold War, China's relations with Vietnam showed a prospect of deterioration, while the Soviet Union became an ally with Vietnam. Into the process of competing with China and the United States. The third part, the conclusion of the paper. By combing the evolution of China's aid to Vietnam against the United States and the relations between China and Vietnam, this paper draws a conclusion that the national interest is the highest criterion for dealing with the national strategic relationship, and makes an objective evaluation of China's aid to Vietnam against the United States military action, and makes a deep reflection on the Sino-American and Sino-Vietnamese relations.
【學位授予單位】：南開大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D829

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