本文選題：歐盟 + 政治一體化��； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：歐盟是當(dāng)今國際社會一體化發(fā)展程度最高的區(qū)域組織,但在全球化的影響下,歐盟國家逐步意識到僅憑經(jīng)濟的聯(lián)合已難以應(yīng)對全球化的風(fēng)險與挑戰(zhàn),歐盟必須尋求政治的聯(lián)合。這樣,歐盟政治一體化的發(fā)展不僅加快了歐洲一體化的進(jìn)程,而且,也使得歐盟成為國際舞臺上一支不可忽視的力量。但歐盟政治一體化的發(fā)展是一個復(fù)雜而又曲折的過程,一個重要條約的簽訂往往需要多年的艱苦談判。在政治進(jìn)程緩慢,內(nèi)部矛盾叢生的背景下,2015年歐洲難民危機爆發(fā),為本就艱難的歐盟政治一體化蒙上了陰影。在本次難民危機中,由于敘利亞、也門沖突的進(jìn)一步擴大、恐怖主義勢力崛起等因素,導(dǎo)致難民在短時間內(nèi)大量聚集;又因為地緣相鄰、難民政策相對寬松,所以歐盟國家首當(dāng)其沖成為了難民避難的目的地。本次難民危機給歐盟的經(jīng)濟和社會造成了沉重的負(fù)擔(dān),加劇了潛在的安全風(fēng)險。隨著歐盟在政治一體化進(jìn)程中的固有矛盾被激化,導(dǎo)致歐盟各國政策缺乏協(xié)調(diào),歐洲難民危機在短期內(nèi)難以從根本上得到解決,這加劇了民眾的不滿,使得疑歐主義、極右勢力趁勢崛起,大大加深了歐盟政治一體化的不確定性。本文主要包括三個部分:一、歐盟政治一體化發(fā)展的固有矛盾。該部分對歐盟政治一體化進(jìn)程中的固有矛盾進(jìn)行了回顧,并指出這些矛盾貫穿歐盟發(fā)展的始終,為接下來難民危機對這些固有矛盾的激化埋下了隱患。二、舉步維艱的政治一體化背景下的難民危機。在歐盟政治一體化發(fā)展如此緩慢,甚至原地踏步之時,史無前例的難民危機在此時爆發(fā)。本次歐洲難民危機不同于歷史上的任何一次難民危機,有其自身的特點。該部分在政治一體化背景下重點分析了難民危機規(guī)模大,流向集中,來源地單一等特點,并指出這些特點所產(chǎn)生的潛在風(fēng)險給歐盟政治一體化的發(fā)展造成了沖擊。三、歐洲難民危機對歐盟政治一體化的影響。面對來勢洶洶的難民危機,歐盟內(nèi)部國家的分化、精英與民眾的對立、穆斯林與歐盟民眾的沖突接踵而至。該部分指出難民危機對歐盟政治一體化的影響。歐盟難民危機加劇了歐盟民主機制的困境,歐盟的共同認(rèn)同和價值觀受到巨大沖擊,使其在國際上的影響力不斷下滑,此外疑歐主義和極右勢力異軍突起,一些重要國家比如英國宣布脫離歐盟,歐盟政治一體化正在面臨著前所未有的危機。
[Abstract]:The European Union is a regional organization with the highest degree of international social integration. However, under the influence of globalization, European Union countries gradually realize that it is difficult to cope with the risks and challenges of globalization by economic union alone, and the EU must seek political union. In this way, the development of EU political integration not only speeds up the process of European integration, but also makes the EU a force that can not be ignored on the international stage. However, the development of EU political integration is a complicated and tortuous process, and the signing of an important treaty often requires years of hard negotiation. Against the backdrop of slow political progress and internal contradictions, the European refugee crisis broke out in 2015, casting a shadow over the already difficult political integration of the European Union. In this refugee crisis, due to the further expansion of the conflict in Syria and Yemen, the rise of terrorist forces, and other factors, which led to a large number of refugees gathering in a short period of time; and because of its geographical proximity, the refugee policy was relatively loose. So the EU countries are the first to take refuge as refugees. The refugee crisis has placed a heavy burden on the European Union's economy and society, exacerbating potential security risks. With the intensification of the inherent contradictions in the process of political integration of the European Union, which leads to a lack of coordination among EU countries' policies, the European refugee crisis is difficult to be fundamentally resolved in the short term. This exacerbates public discontent and makes Euroscepticism. The rise of far-right forces has greatly deepened the uncertainty of EU political integration. This article mainly includes three parts: first, the inherent contradiction of the development of EU political integration. This part reviews the inherent contradictions in the process of political integration of the European Union, and points out that these contradictions run through the development of the European Union all the time, thus laying a hidden danger for the subsequent intensification of these inherent contradictions by the refugee crisis. Second, the refugee crisis in the context of difficult political integration. At a time when EU political integration is so slow, or even standing still, an unprecedented refugee crisis erupts. The European refugee crisis is different from any refugee crisis in history and has its own characteristics. Under the background of political integration, this part focuses on the characteristics of large scale of refugee crisis, concentrated flow direction and single source, and points out that the potential risks caused by these characteristics have impacted the development of political integration in EU. Third, the impact of the European refugee crisis on the political integration of the EU. In the face of a fierce refugee crisis, divisions within the EU, confrontation between elites and citizens, and clashes between Muslims and EU citizens ensued. This part points out the impact of the refugee crisis on the political integration of the EU. The refugee crisis in the EU has exacerbated the plight of the democratic institutions of the EU. The common identity and values of the EU have been greatly impacted, resulting in a continuous decline in its influence in the international arena. In addition, Euroscepticism and far-right forces have suddenly emerged. Some major countries, such as Britain, are facing an unprecedented crisis of political integration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D814.1;D815.6

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