本文選題：美蘇爭(zhēng)霸 + 蘇拉關(guān)系��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期美蘇兩國(guó)在拉丁美洲的爭(zhēng)奪是美蘇兩國(guó)冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期全球爭(zhēng)霸的重要組成部分,本文試圖通過(guò)美蘇對(duì)拉美爭(zhēng)奪的對(duì)比分析,使得對(duì)美蘇兩國(guó)在拉丁美洲地區(qū)爭(zhēng)奪的認(rèn)識(shí)更加全面:美蘇在拉美的爭(zhēng)奪是冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期美蘇兩國(guó)爭(zhēng)奪世界霸權(quán)在拉美地區(qū)的反映,也是蘇聯(lián)在美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)勢(shì)力范圍內(nèi)為尋求全球戰(zhàn)略優(yōu)勢(shì)而采取的一種有效策略。同時(shí),我們還應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到,美蘇兩國(guó)在全球范圍內(nèi)的爭(zhēng)奪,根本上還是以經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力為基礎(chǔ)的綜合國(guó)力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),國(guó)際范圍的爭(zhēng)奪最終還要依靠本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力。 本文的行文結(jié)構(gòu)分為四個(gè)部分,以美蘇兩國(guó)在拉美地區(qū)的爭(zhēng)奪為主線,分析美蘇兩國(guó)在拉美不同時(shí)期爭(zhēng)奪的特點(diǎn)、手段和最終的結(jié)果,并從中汲取美蘇在拉美爭(zhēng)奪的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),為我們的對(duì)外交往活動(dòng)提供有益的借鑒。 本文第一部分主要介紹冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期美蘇在拉丁美洲爭(zhēng)奪的背景,從三個(gè)方面來(lái)論述:戰(zhàn)后初期形成的美蘇爭(zhēng)霸的兩極格局是美蘇爭(zhēng)奪拉美地區(qū)的國(guó)際大背景;戰(zhàn)后拉美人民的反帝斗爭(zhēng)給蘇聯(lián)介入拉美創(chuàng)造了條件;美國(guó)對(duì)拉美政策的缺乏足夠重視為蘇聯(lián)提供了可乘之機(jī)。這三個(gè)方面共同作用,構(gòu)成了美蘇兩國(guó)爭(zhēng)奪拉美地區(qū)的背景,以古巴革命為契機(jī),美蘇兩國(guó)在拉美的爭(zhēng)奪拉開(kāi)序幕。 第二部分介紹冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期美蘇兩國(guó)在拉美爭(zhēng)奪的過(guò)程及表現(xiàn),主要分為四個(gè)階段: 第一階段從戰(zhàn)后到六十年代初,蘇聯(lián)開(kāi)始介入拉美,逐步擴(kuò)大自己在拉美的影響力,開(kāi)始和美國(guó)在拉美展開(kāi)爭(zhēng)奪,直到古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī),蘇聯(lián)的擴(kuò)張勢(shì)頭才得到遏制。美國(guó)雖然成功阻止了蘇聯(lián)在古巴的戰(zhàn)略意圖,但美國(guó)也不得不重視蘇聯(lián)在拉美的影響力。 第二階段是六七十年代,蘇聯(lián)由于直接輸出軍事力量受阻,蘇聯(lián)對(duì)采取謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度,更多地采取援助,貿(mào)易,文化交往等方式擴(kuò)大在拉美的勢(shì)力。美國(guó)肯尼迪執(zhí)政時(shí)期提出進(jìn)步聯(lián)盟計(jì)劃意圖減小蘇聯(lián)在拉美的影響,可隨著美國(guó)陷入侵越戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)泥潭和經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,尼克松上臺(tái)后采取的低姿態(tài)政策和卡特強(qiáng)調(diào)人權(quán)外交,都試圖減少對(duì)拉美的介入,改善美國(guó)形象。 第三階段八十年代隨著美國(guó)國(guó)力的恢復(fù),美國(guó)里根總統(tǒng)上臺(tái)后采取低烈度戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)政策,加強(qiáng)對(duì)拉美地區(qū)的控制,而蘇聯(lián)則由于國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)滑坡開(kāi)始在拉美實(shí)行戰(zhàn)略收縮。 第四階段八十年代末、九十年代初,東歐劇變、蘇聯(lián)解體,蘇聯(lián)在拉美建立的勢(shì)力范圍蕩然無(wú)存;美國(guó)抓住有利時(shí)機(jī)推行北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)計(jì)劃,加強(qiáng)對(duì)拉美經(jīng)濟(jì)的控制。 第三部分是冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期美蘇兩國(guó)在拉丁美洲地區(qū)爭(zhēng)奪的對(duì)比分析。從兩國(guó)在拉美的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)上看,美國(guó)主要是維護(hù)維護(hù)其后院的安全與穩(wěn)定,而蘇聯(lián)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)并不諱言他們?cè)诶∶乐藁顒?dòng)的首要目標(biāo)是要破壞美國(guó)在該地區(qū)的力量和影響;策略對(duì)比上,建立軍事政治集團(tuán),利用國(guó)際組織的力量來(lái)壓制反對(duì)勢(shì)力,進(jìn)行國(guó)際制裁是美國(guó)常用的手段,而蘇聯(lián)的成功之處在于尋找代理人,扶植反美勢(shì)力;從爭(zhēng)奪的過(guò)程中所呈現(xiàn)出的態(tài)勢(shì)來(lái)看,美國(guó)的擴(kuò)張層現(xiàn)波浪式,蘇聯(lián)的擴(kuò)張層現(xiàn)拋物線式;從最終的的不同結(jié)局來(lái)看,地緣政治因素雖然占了很大方面,但國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力才是根本。 第四部分是冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期美蘇在拉丁美洲爭(zhēng)奪所產(chǎn)生的影響。對(duì)美國(guó)而言,牽制了美國(guó),降低了美國(guó)在拉美的影響力;對(duì)蘇聯(lián)的影響主要是經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,政治獲利;對(duì)拉美的影響主要是美蘇在拉美的爭(zhēng)奪給拉美人民帶來(lái)巨大災(zāi)難,推動(dòng)了拉美人民獨(dú)立外交的開(kāi)展和加強(qiáng)區(qū)域間的合作。通過(guò)這三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論述,使得對(duì)美蘇在拉美的爭(zhēng)奪有一個(gè)整體上的評(píng)價(jià)和認(rèn)識(shí)。
[Abstract]:The contention between the United States and the Soviet Union in Latin America during the cold war is an important part of the global hegemony during the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union. This article tries to make a more comprehensive understanding of the contention between the United States and the Soviet Union in Latin America through a comparative analysis of the Latin American contention between the United States and the Soviet Union. The reflection of hegemony in Latin America is also an effective strategy adopted by the Soviet Union to seek global strategic advantages within the scope of the American traditional forces. At the same time, we should realize that the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union in the global scope is fundamentally the competition of comprehensive national strength based on economic strength, and the competition in the international scope is finally returned. It depends on the economic strength of the country.
The structure of this article is divided into four parts. Taking the contention between the United States and the Soviet Union in Latin America as the main line, this paper analyzes the characteristics, means and final results of the scramble between the United States and the Soviet Union in Latin America and the Latin American period, and draws lessons from the struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union in Latin America and provide useful reference for our foreign communication activities.
The first part of this paper mainly introduces the background of the contention between the United States and the Soviet Union in Latin America during the cold war period. From three aspects, the two poles of the war between the United States and the Soviet Union formed in the early postwar period are the international background of the United States and the Soviet Union for the Latin American region; the anti imperialist struggle of the Latin American people created the conditions for the Soviet Union to intervene in Latin America; the American policy of Latin America is lacking. Enough attention was given to the Soviet Union. The joint role of the three sides constituted the background for the United States and the Soviet Union to compete for the Latin American region. The Cuban Revolution was the opportunity for the United States and the Soviet Union to compete in Latin America.
The second part introduces the process and performance of the US and Soviet Union's struggle in Latin America during the cold war, which is divided into four stages.
In the first stage, from the post-war to the early 60s, the Soviet Union began to intervene in Latin America, gradually expanding its influence in Latin America, and began to contend with the United States in Latin America until the Cuban missile crisis, the expansion of the Soviet Union was restrained. The United States had to stop the Soviet Union's strategic intentions in the ancient Ba, but the United States had to pay attention to the Soviet Union. The influence of Latin America.
The second stage was in 60s and 70s. The Soviet Union, due to the resistance of the direct output of military forces, took a cautious attitude and expanded its forces in Latin America by taking more assistance, trade and cultural exchanges. The United States Kennedy came up with the progress alliance plan to reduce the influence of the Soviet Union in Latin America and the United States could invade the Vietnam War. For the quagmire and recession, Nixon's low profile policy after taking office and Carter's emphasis on human rights diplomacy are all trying to reduce their involvement in Latin America and improve the image of the United States.
In the third stage, in 80s, with the recovery of the national strength of the United States, President Reagan adopted a low intensity war policy after taking power in the United States, strengthening control of the Latin American region, while the Soviet Union began to implement a strategic contraction in Latin America because of the domestic economic downturn.
At the end of the fourth stage, in the late 80s, in the early 90s, the Eastern Europe was upheaval, the Soviet Union disintegrated, and the Soviet Union was set up in Latin America. The United States seized the opportunity to carry out the North American Free Trade Zone plan and strengthen the control of the Latin American economy.
The third part is the comparative analysis of the contention between the United States and the Soviet Union in the Latin American region during the cold war. From the strategic objectives of Latin America, the United States mainly maintains and maintains the security and stability of its backyard, while the leadership of the Soviet Union does not say that the primary goal of their activities in Latin America is to destroy the strength and influence of the United States in the region; In contrast, the establishment of military political groups, the use of the strength of the international organizations to suppress opposition forces and international sanctions is the common means of the United States, and the success of the Soviet Union lies in searching for agents and supporting the anti American forces. From the trend of the struggle, the expansion of the United States is now wavy, and the expansion of the Soviet Union is present. In terms of the final outcome, geopolitical factors account for a great deal, but the economic strength of the country is fundamental.
The fourth part was the influence of the United States and the Soviet Union in the Latin American struggle during the cold war. For the United States, the United States was taken to reduce the influence of the United States in Latin America; the influence on the Soviet Union was mainly economic loss and political profit; the impact on Latin America was mainly caused by the great disaster of the Soviet Union in Latin America and the Latin American people. The development of the independent diplomacy of the people and the strengthening of the cooperation between regions. Through these three aspects, it makes a whole evaluation and understanding of the contention between the United States and the Soviet Union in Latin America.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D871.2

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