本文選題：美國(guó)核不擴(kuò)散政策 + 核不擴(kuò)散條約��； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 自冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期以來(lái)核不擴(kuò)散政策一直是美國(guó)國(guó)家安全戰(zhàn)略中的重要組成部分。美國(guó)在國(guó)際核不擴(kuò)散機(jī)制的形成過(guò)程中一直起著領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和推動(dòng)的作用。但是美國(guó)并非全心全意控制核擴(kuò)散,美國(guó)的南亞核不擴(kuò)散政策服務(wù)于其全球冷戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)略。美國(guó)企圖拉攏印度和巴基斯坦,將兩國(guó)納入其遏制蘇聯(lián)擴(kuò)張的戰(zhàn)略包圍圈,同時(shí)美國(guó)又希望控制世界范圍內(nèi)的核擴(kuò)散。在南亞,美國(guó)的冷戰(zhàn)利益與核不擴(kuò)散利益并不一致。 論文研究1964年到1974年美國(guó)的南亞核不擴(kuò)散政策的形成、發(fā)展,以及政策失敗原因。作者將美國(guó)對(duì)南亞的核不擴(kuò)散政策分為前后相繼的兩個(gè)階段。1964到1974年美國(guó)制定了核不擴(kuò)散政策,將核不擴(kuò)散視為美蘇“有限的相互利益”領(lǐng)域,并與蘇聯(lián)合作推動(dòng)了《核不擴(kuò)散條約》的簽署。1974年印度在拉賈斯坦邦的博克蘭地區(qū)試驗(yàn)核爆炸裝置,破壞國(guó)際核不擴(kuò)散進(jìn)程。1974到1979年,美國(guó)既希望拉攏印度,緩和與印度的關(guān)系,又希望控制核擴(kuò)散。美國(guó)一面溫和回應(yīng)印度核試驗(yàn),一面通過(guò)桑格委員會(huì)、核供應(yīng)國(guó)集團(tuán)強(qiáng)化核出口管制,加強(qiáng)對(duì)進(jìn)口國(guó)的安全保障。美國(guó)于1976年通過(guò)賽明頓修正案，阻撓了巴法核合作,并于1978年出臺(tái)《核不擴(kuò)散法案》,從法律上肯定了有關(guān)核貿(mào)易的安全保障。 論文從三個(gè)方面考察了美國(guó)的南亞核政策失敗的緣由。美國(guó)未能滿足印度、巴基斯坦的安全需要,導(dǎo)致兩國(guó)拒絕簽署核不擴(kuò)散條約,大大降低了核不擴(kuò)散條約對(duì)兩國(guó)的約束力。而自建國(guó)起印度對(duì)大國(guó)地位就有著不懈的追求,這也導(dǎo)致它不允許外部勢(shì)力決定國(guó)內(nèi)核計(jì)劃。核不擴(kuò)散利益始終不是美國(guó)外交政策的最高優(yōu)先權(quán),核不擴(kuò)散利益要為冷戰(zhàn)利益讓路。美蘇在核不擴(kuò)散方面的合作根基不穩(wěn),難以持久有效地發(fā)揮作用。
[Abstract]:Since the Cold War, nuclear non-proliferation policy has been an important part of American national security strategy. The United States has always played a leading and promoting role in the formation of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime. But the United States does not control nuclear proliferation wholeheartedly, and its nuclear non-proliferation policy in South Asia serves its global Cold War strategy. The United States is trying to lure India and Pakistan into its strategic containment of Soviet expansion, while the United States wants to control nuclear proliferation around the world. In South Asia, the Cold War interests of the United States and nuclear non-proliferation interests are not consistent. This paper studies the formation, development and failure of the South Asia Nuclear Non-Proliferation Policy of the United States from 1964 to 1974. The author divides the United States' nuclear non-proliferation policy towards South Asia into two successive stages. From 1964 to 1974, the United States formulated a nuclear non-proliferation policy, which is regarded as a "limited area of mutual interest" between the United States and the Soviet Union. And worked with the Soviet Union to promote the signing of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. In 1974, India tested nuclear explosive devices in the Bockland region of Rajasthan, undermining the international nuclear non-proliferation process. From 1974 to 1979, the United States wanted to win over India. Ease relations with India and hope to control nuclear proliferation. While responding gently to India's nuclear tests, the United States, through the Sanger Committee, strengthened nuclear export controls and enhanced security for importing countries. In 1976, the United States passed the Symington Amendment, which obstructed the nuclear cooperation between Pakistan and France. In 1978, the United States promulgated the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act, which legally affirmed the safety and security of nuclear trade. The thesis examines the causes of the failure of the US nuclear policy in South Asia from three aspects. The failure of the United States to meet the security needs of India and Pakistan led the two countries to refuse to sign the NPT, greatly reducing the binding force of the NPT on both countries. India's relentless pursuit of power since its founding has led it not to allow outside forces to determine its nuclear program. Nuclear non-proliferation interests are not the highest priority of American foreign policy, and nuclear non-proliferation interests should make way for Cold War interests. Cooperation between the US and the Soviet Union on nuclear non-proliferation has a shaky foundation and is difficult to function effectively and sustainably.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D815.2;K712.54

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