本文選題：日本　切入點(diǎn)：政府開發(fā)援助　出處：《國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)院》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：ODA是戰(zhàn)后國(guó)際發(fā)展援助體系的重要組成部分，是國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系的產(chǎn)物。作為一種對(duì)外政策，ODA直接服務(wù)于日本的國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略�；仡櫲毡緫�(zhàn)后發(fā)展史，，我們可以清晰地看到ODA在日本的發(fā)展道路上充分發(fā)揮其經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技優(yōu)勢(shì)，彌補(bǔ)甚至代替政治因素和軍事因素的作用。研究日本ODA，有助于了解日本的戰(zhàn)略意圖和政策目標(biāo)。 本文嘗試創(chuàng)建針對(duì)政策角色定位研究的“狀態(tài)→動(dòng)因運(yùn)作→角色”分析路徑，并在此大框架下設(shè)立了小模型，即“訴求實(shí)力→動(dòng)因”理論模型和“目標(biāo)→資源→手段”運(yùn)作模型。 首先是狀態(tài)。戰(zhàn)后日本ODA的發(fā)展歷史大致可分為經(jīng)濟(jì)中心時(shí)期、經(jīng)濟(jì)安保時(shí)期和戰(zhàn)略化時(shí)期三個(gè)階段。每個(gè)階段ODA政策的演變都充分反映了當(dāng)時(shí)日本自身發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及其決策層對(duì)所處國(guó)際環(huán)境的反應(yīng)。目前，日本謀求“正常國(guó)家化”的意圖日趨明朗，ODA隨之趨向規(guī)范化、制度化和重點(diǎn)化。此外，ODA在主導(dǎo)權(quán)、業(yè)態(tài)、域態(tài)領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)新變化，并產(chǎn)生了“三角協(xié)力”的新模式。 其次是動(dòng)因。日本ODA狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)因可用“實(shí)力訴求→動(dòng)因”理論模型來解釋。日本、受援國(guó)、第三方的“訴求”和日本的“實(shí)力”是決定“動(dòng)因”的關(guān)鍵變量，二者的變化和互動(dòng)導(dǎo)致日本ODA“動(dòng)因”的演變；其中，“訴求”占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。 再次是運(yùn)作。日本ODA的運(yùn)作流程可用“目標(biāo)→資源→手段”運(yùn)作模型來分析。本文從宏觀的戰(zhàn)略層面、中觀的戰(zhàn)術(shù)層面和微觀的操作層面出發(fā)，對(duì)運(yùn)作系統(tǒng)的程序，即確立目標(biāo)、評(píng)估資源和選擇手段進(jìn)行研究，以日本對(duì)柬埔寨ODA為例，建立了日本ODA的運(yùn)作流程圖。 “保障政治安全、實(shí)現(xiàn)正常國(guó)家化”和“獲取經(jīng)濟(jì)紅利、謀求地區(qū)主導(dǎo)權(quán)”是日本對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略的兩大主題。本文最后對(duì)ODA在日本外交戰(zhàn)略、經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略和安全戰(zhàn)略中的角色進(jìn)行了分析，在此基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)ODA在日本整個(gè)對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略中所扮演的角色進(jìn)行定位，即：ODA是日本在“綜合安保觀”下為實(shí)現(xiàn)“正常國(guó)家化”的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)而運(yùn)用的一種政策工具。作為政策，它是日本對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略的一部分；作為工具，它被運(yùn)用于外交、經(jīng)濟(jì)和安全等具體對(duì)外政策中。
[Abstract]:ODA is an important part of the postwar international development assistance system and a product of international political and economic relations.As a foreign policy ODA directly serves Japan's national strategy.Looking back on the history of Japan's postwar development, we can clearly see that ODA can give full play to its advantages in economy and science and technology, and make up for or even replace the role of political and military factors in the development of Japan.Research on Japan's ODAs will help to understand Japan's strategic intentions and policy objectives.In this paper, we try to create the analysis path of "the role of the agents and the role" in the research of the policy role positioning, and set up a small model under this big framework.That is, the theoretical model of "demanding strength and motivation" and the operation model of "objective and resource means".The first is the state.The development history of ODA in postwar Japan can be divided into three stages: economic center period, economic security period and strategic period.The evolution of ODA policy in each stage fully reflects the development of Japan itself and the reaction of policy makers to the international environment.At present, Japan's intention to seek "normal nationalization" is becoming clearer, and ODA tends to be standardized, institutionalized and focused.In addition, ODA has changed in the field of dominance, trade and domain, and has produced a new model of "triangular cooperation".The second is the motivation.The motivation of the change of ODA state in Japan can be explained by the theory model of "strength demand motivation".The "demand" of the third party and the "power" of Japan are the key variables to determine the "motivation". The change and interaction of the two factors lead to the evolution of the "motivation" of Japan's ODA, in which the "demand" occupies the dominant position.Again, the operation.The operation process of ODA in Japan can be analyzed by means of "target and resource" operation model.In this paper, from the macro strategic level, the meso tactical level and the micro operational level, the procedure of the operation system, that is, establishing the objective, evaluating the resources and selecting the means, is studied. Taking ODA in Cambodia as an example,The operation flow chart of Japanese ODA is established."ensuring political security and realizing normal nationalization" and "obtaining economic dividends and seeking regional dominance" are the two major themes of Japan's foreign strategy.Finally, this paper analyzes the role of ODA in Japan's diplomatic strategy, economic strategy and security strategy, on the basis of which, the role of ODA in Japan's overall foreign strategy is positioned.Namely: ODA is a kind of policy tool used by Japan to realize the strategic goal of "normal nationalization" under the "comprehensive security view".As a policy, it is part of Japan's foreign strategy; as a tool, it is used in specific foreign policy, such as diplomacy, economy and security.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D831.3

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