本文選題：美國　切入點：伊拉克　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 2003年5月1日,“自由伊拉克行動”結(jié)束后,美國總統(tǒng)布什宣布了伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭主要軍事行動的結(jié)束,伊拉克進入了后薩達姆時代。繼戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后,伊拉克國內(nèi)局勢動蕩,恐怖主義活動和起義叛亂持續(xù)不斷,引起國際社會的高度關(guān)注。后薩達姆時代的伊拉克,政治形勢錯綜復(fù)雜,形成了什葉派、庫爾德人以及遜尼派三大政治勢力。較之薩達姆統(tǒng)治時期,什葉派和庫爾德人的政治地位得到了提高,而遜尼派則幾乎被“邊緣化”。 后薩達姆時代美國的對伊政策從來不是一成不變的。其對伊政策隨著伊拉克境內(nèi)局勢的轉(zhuǎn)變以及美國政府的戰(zhàn)略需要,不斷的做出調(diào)整。美國對伊政策的動機不僅僅是為了進行中東地區(qū)的民主改造計劃,在本質(zhì)上也是為了能夠最大程度地維護美國的安全戰(zhàn)略利益。 后薩達姆時代,美國的對伊政策取得了一些進展。伊拉克國內(nèi)的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化都有所發(fā)展,但是,伊拉克目前的居室局勢仍然危機四伏,恐怖爆炸活動仍然時有發(fā)生,伊拉克的未來依然存在著許多變數(shù),前途依然不容樂觀。概括的來說,后薩達姆時代美國對伊政策實施的困境主要包含以下四點：首先,聯(lián)軍臨時權(quán)力機構(gòu)自身就存在著許多政策失誤；其次,戰(zhàn)后的伊拉克局勢極為混亂,而且部分伊拉克人民對美國政府持敵視態(tài)度并不支持美國所主導(dǎo)的民主；再次,伊拉克缺乏民主的文化傳統(tǒng),伊拉克伊斯蘭教文化傳統(tǒng)根深蒂固而且國家認同意識淡��；最后,中東地區(qū)的政治文化環(huán)境錯綜復(fù)雜。 伊拉克戰(zhàn)后重建工作,不可能一蹴而就,今后的重建歷程還任重而道遠。今后,美國無論是任何政黨在行政和立法中戰(zhàn)局主要地位,都無法完全擺脫美國所要承擔的伊拉克經(jīng)濟、政治,軍事重建的使命。
[Abstract]:On May 1, 2003, after the end of "Operation Free Iraq," US President Bush announced the end of the major military operations in the Iraq War, and Iraq entered the post-Saddam era. After the end of the war, the internal situation in Iraq was turbulent. Terrorist activities and insurgent uprisings have continued, which has aroused the high attention of the international community. In post-Saddam era Iraq, the political situation is complicated and Shia has been formed. The three major political forces of Kurds and Sunnis. Shiite and Kurdish political status has improved compared with Saddam Hussein's rule, while Sunnis have almost been "marginalized." In the post-Saddam era, the United States' policy towards Iraq has never been static. Its policy towards Iraq has changed with the situation in Iraq and the strategic needs of the US government. The motivation of American policy toward Iraq is not only to carry out the democratic reform plan in the Middle East, but also to maximize the security strategic interests of the United States. In the post-Saddam era, the US policy towards Iraq has made some progress. Iraq's domestic politics, economy and culture have developed somewhat. However, the present situation in Iraq is still in danger, and terrorist bombings still occur from time to time. There are still many variables in Iraq's future, and the future is still not optimistic. To sum up, the plight of the post-Saddam era US policy towards Iraq mainly includes the following four points: first, The Coalition Provisional Authority itself has made many policy mistakes; secondly, the post-war situation in Iraq is extremely chaotic, and some Iraqi people are hostile to the United States Government and do not support US-led democracy; and again, Iraq lacks the democratic cultural tradition, the Islamic cultural tradition of Iraq is deeply rooted and the national identity consciousness is weak; finally, the political and cultural environment in the Middle East is complicated. The reconstruction of Iraq after the war cannot be accomplished overnight. The course of reconstruction in the future will have a long way to go. In the future, no matter any political party in the United States will play a major role in the war in the executive and legislative branches, Can't completely get rid of the Iraqi economic, political, military reconstruction mission that the United States must undertake.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D871.2

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