本文選題：白俄羅斯　切入點：德國　出處：《外交學(xué)院》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 20世紀90年代初歐洲大陸上風(fēng)云突變,國際格局發(fā)生根本性的變化。東歐劇變、蘇聯(lián)解體、德國統(tǒng)一等等重大歷史事件對當(dāng)今世界格局產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響,也強烈地影響到每一個當(dāng)事國。白俄羅斯和德國作為歐洲大陸上的兩個國家,同樣也經(jīng)歷了巨大的變動和質(zhì)的變化。蘇聯(lián)解體使得白俄羅斯作為一個獨立的國際行為體登上世界舞臺,參與世界事務(wù)。德國統(tǒng)一消除了歐洲大陸上的一個“傷痕”,使德國的實力顯著增強,也消除了歐洲的不穩(wěn)定因素。巨變后的兩個國家在雙邊關(guān)系的發(fā)展上也取得了長足的進步,但雙方的交往并不是風(fēng)平浪靜。 白俄羅斯與德國具有悠久的交往史,兩個民族很早就建立了較密切的聯(lián)系;兩個民族也有著剪不清理還亂的歷史恩怨,面對一戰(zhàn)和二戰(zhàn)的慘烈,使兩個民族之間有著一道難以彌合的傷痛;戰(zhàn)后的雙方分屬于不同的意識形態(tài)陣營,自然也有著許多隔閡。蘇聯(lián)的解體、德國的統(tǒng)一使得雙方能夠在一個歷史的新起點上發(fā)展雙邊關(guān)系,既繼承兩國關(guān)系中的傳統(tǒng)聯(lián)系,也不斷開拓雙邊關(guān)系的新領(lǐng)域,同時也有希望抹平歷史的傷痕。當(dāng)代白德關(guān)系的發(fā)展主要是在政治、經(jīng)濟、文化和人文等四個主要層面展開,應(yīng)該說取得了一定的成果。如雙邊平等協(xié)商政治關(guān)系的建立;在白俄羅斯經(jīng)濟改革中雙方的合作;文化領(lǐng)域的密切交流;在解決二戰(zhàn)遺留問題和切爾諾貝利問題上的人文合作等等。但雙方的合作也是存在著許多的矛盾和沖突。如德國對于白俄羅斯盧卡申科現(xiàn)政權(quán)的不滿,對于白俄羅斯國內(nèi)政治經(jīng)濟體制的批評,對白俄羅斯人權(quán)和民主的干涉等都直接影響到兩國關(guān)系的發(fā)展,也同時影響到兩國在經(jīng)濟、文化和人文領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)合作。當(dāng)然影響白德關(guān)系發(fā)展的因素也是多樣的。如白俄羅斯1996年進行的全民公投修改新憲法;包括德國在內(nèi)的歐盟國家隊白俄羅斯內(nèi)政和外交的干涉和批評;白俄羅斯和德國各自對于對方的經(jīng)濟價值;白德關(guān)系中的美國和俄羅斯因素;以及雙方的民族感情在雙邊關(guān)系中的重要作用等等都是影響當(dāng)前白德關(guān)系的重要因素,同時也是白德關(guān)系今后如何走的一些重要參考指標(biāo)。作為一個旁觀者在分析白德關(guān)系的時候,發(fā)現(xiàn)白德關(guān)系中有一些有益的處理國家間關(guān)系的經(jīng)驗對于我國外交也有一定的借鑒意義。 在此必須指出的一點是,在分析白德關(guān)系的過程中,德國作為歐盟的重要成員,其與歐盟的對外政策是趨于一致的,因此在涉及對白政策上,德國和歐盟基本保持了步調(diào)上的高度一致。所以在文章中有時對白德關(guān)系的評析會出現(xiàn)白歐關(guān)系的介紹。
[Abstract]:In the early 1990s, there was a sudden change in the European continent and a fundamental change in the international structure. The dramatic changes in Eastern Europe, the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the unification of Germany, and other major historical events had a profound impact on the current world pattern. Also strongly affecting each of the countries concerned. Belarus and Germany, as two countries on the European continent, It has also undergone tremendous changes and qualitative changes. The disintegration of the Soviet Union has enabled Belarus to enter the world stage as an independent international actor, Participation in world affairs. The reunification of Germany has removed a "scar" on the continent of Europe, significantly increased Germany's strength and eliminated factors of instability in Europe. The two countries have also made great progress in the development of bilateral relations since the great changes. But the exchanges between the two sides are not calm. Belarus and Germany have a long history of exchanges, and the two ethnic groups have established close ties early on. The two ethnic groups also have historical grievances of whether to clean up or not clean up and chaos, facing the tragic events of the first World War and the second World War. There was an unbridled pain between the two peoples; the two sides after the war belonged to different ideological camps, and naturally there were many estrangements. The disintegration of the Soviet Union, The reunification of Germany has enabled the two sides to develop bilateral relations at a new starting point in history, which not only inherits the traditional ties in the relations between the two countries, but also continuously opens up new areas of bilateral relations. At the same time, there is also hope to erase the scars of history. The development of contemporary white and German relations is mainly carried out at the four main levels of politics, economy, culture and humanities, and it should be said that certain achievements have been made, such as the establishment of the political relations of bilateral equal consultation; Cooperation between the two sides in the economic reform of Belarus; close exchanges in the field of culture; Humanistic cooperation in solving the problems left over from World War II and Chernobyl, etc. But there are also many contradictions and conflicts between the two sides. For example, Germany's dissatisfaction with the current regime in Lukashenko, Belarus, Criticism of the domestic political and economic system of Belarus, interference in human rights and democracy in Belarus directly affects the development of relations between the two countries, as well as the economic situation of the two countries. Cultural and humanistic cooperation. Of course, the factors affecting the development of relations between Belarus and Germany are also diverse. For example, Belarus held a referendum in 1996 to amend the new constitution; The interference and criticism of Belarus' internal affairs and foreign affairs; the economic value of Belarus and Germany to each other; the American and Russian factors in the relations between Belarus and Germany; As well as the important role of the national feelings of both sides in the bilateral relations and so on are the important factors that affect the current relations between Belarus and Germany. At the same time, it is also an important reference indicator of how the Baish-German relationship will proceed in the future. As a bystander, when analyzing the white-German relationship, It is found that there are some beneficial experiences in handling the relations between countries in the relations between Belarus and Germany, which can also be used for reference in China's diplomacy. It must be pointed out here that, in the course of analyzing the relations between Belarus and Germany, Germany, as an important member of the European Union, is in line with the EU's foreign policy, so in the context of the dialogue policy, Germany and the European Union have basically maintained a high degree of agreement in pace, so in the article, there is sometimes an introduction to the relationship between Belarus and Europe.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D851.6

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