本文選題：聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法會(huì)議　切入點(diǎn)：聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人類對(duì)海洋利用的發(fā)展，國(guó)際海洋競(jìng)爭(zhēng)逐漸進(jìn)入白熱化，復(fù)雜多樣的國(guó)際海洋爭(zhēng)端也接踵而至，世界各國(guó)為了維護(hù)自身海洋權(quán)益，被稱為“海洋憲法”的《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》（下文簡(jiǎn)稱公約）在世界各國(guó)的共同努力下于1982年簽訂并于1994年最終生效。該公約的簽訂標(biāo)志著新海洋法秩序的建立邁出了第一步。該公約規(guī)定的內(nèi)容較為全面，其中公約的爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制規(guī)定在其第十五部分中，此外還包括公約第十一部分第五節(jié)、公約附件五、六、七、八，約占公約全部條款的四分之一。該機(jī)制是在國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端解決實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ)上，不僅對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的爭(zhēng)端解決方法進(jìn)行了規(guī)定，還在進(jìn)行了一系列創(chuàng)新，規(guī)定了一套多重性解決機(jī)制。 近年來(lái)，我國(guó)與鄰國(guó)有關(guān)海洋管轄權(quán)屬的爭(zhēng)端愈演愈烈，探索和平解決海洋爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。為充分利用《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》，建立有關(guān)屬于自己的海洋管理制度，維護(hù)自身海洋權(quán)益，本文共分為七部分，論述如下： 第一部分先介紹了第三次聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法會(huì)議和1982年公約的基本情況，接著對(duì)公約規(guī)定的“和平解決爭(zhēng)端的義務(wù)”進(jìn)行了分析，得出公約規(guī)定的爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制著眼點(diǎn)在于“和平解決”，締約國(guó)有選擇公約規(guī)定的爭(zhēng)端解決方式之外的和平方式解決爭(zhēng)端。 第二部分對(duì)談判和調(diào)解這兩種和平解決爭(zhēng)端的傳統(tǒng)方式進(jìn)行了介紹。 第三部分對(duì)于公約的導(dǎo)致有拘束力裁判的四種強(qiáng)制程序進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述，通過(guò)對(duì)四種程序各自的組成、管轄權(quán)范圍、具體程序及裁決的介紹，大概了解公約的四種強(qiáng)制程序各自的適用問(wèn)題。 第四部分詳細(xì)闡述了公約規(guī)定的導(dǎo)致有拘束力裁判的強(qiáng)制程序的限制和任擇性例外規(guī)定。此部分對(duì)不能適用公約強(qiáng)制程序的各類爭(zhēng)端進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要闡述。 第五部分單獨(dú)強(qiáng)調(diào)了臨時(shí)措施和迅速釋放程序，由于此兩種程序在爭(zhēng)端解決中雖不直接解決爭(zhēng)端，，但卻在其中發(fā)揮重要作用。 第六部分分析了我國(guó)當(dāng)前面臨的海洋爭(zhēng)端和我國(guó)海洋爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制的現(xiàn)狀及存在的主要問(wèn)題，并提出了完善我國(guó)海洋爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制的建議。 最后得出結(jié)論，我國(guó)應(yīng)善于利用公約解決海洋爭(zhēng)端，但更應(yīng)完善海洋管理制度。
[Abstract]:With the development of human being's utilization of the ocean, the international marine competition is becoming more and more intense, and the complicated and diverse international maritime disputes come one after another. In order to safeguard the rights and interests of the world's oceans, The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, known as the Constitution of the Oceans (hereinafter referred to as the Convention), was signed in 1982 and finally entered into force in 1994 with the joint efforts of all countries around the world. The signing of the Convention marks the establishment of a new order of the law of the sea. As a first step. The provisions of the Convention are more comprehensive, The dispute settlement mechanism of the Convention is provided for in part XV of the Convention, in addition to section V of part XI of the Convention, annexes V, VI, VII, VIII to the Convention, This mechanism is based on the practice of international dispute settlement. It not only prescribes the traditional dispute settlement methods, but also makes a series of innovations, and provides a set of multiple settlement mechanisms. In recent years, disputes concerning maritime jurisdiction between China and neighbouring countries have intensified. It is urgent to explore mechanisms for the peaceful settlement of maritime disputes. In order to make full use of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and establish its own maritime management system, This paper is divided into seven parts, which are as follows:. The first part introduces the basic situation of the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea and the 1982 Convention, followed by an analysis of the "obligations for the peaceful settlement of disputes" under the Convention, It is concluded that the dispute settlement mechanism under the Convention focuses on the "peaceful settlement", and that the Contracting States have the option of settling disputes by peaceful means other than those provided for in the Convention. The second part introduces the two traditional ways of peaceful settlement of disputes: negotiation and mediation. The third part elaborates the four kinds of compulsory procedure which lead to binding judgment, through the introduction of the composition, jurisdiction scope, specific procedure and ruling of the four procedures. An overview of the application of each of the four mandatory procedures of the Convention. The fourth part elaborates the restrictions and optional exceptions of the compulsory procedure which leads to the binding judgment. This part briefly expounds all kinds of disputes which can not be applied to the compulsory procedure of the Convention. Part V emphasizes separately interim measures and prompt release procedures, which, although not directly settling disputes, play an important role in dispute settlement. In the sixth part, the author analyzes the current situation and the main problems of China's maritime dispute settlement mechanism, and puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect our country's maritime dispute settlement mechanism. Finally, it is concluded that our country should be good at using convention to solve maritime disputes, but should perfect ocean management system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5;D823

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