本文選題：米爾斯海默　切入點(diǎn)：進(jìn)攻性現(xiàn)實(shí)主義　出處：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：“進(jìn)攻性現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”是現(xiàn)實(shí)主義理論的最新發(fā)展,是自20世紀(jì)90年代以來從結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義中演化出來的一個(gè)分支,美國著名國際關(guān)系學(xué)者、芝加哥大學(xué)教授約翰·米爾斯海默,在其2001年出版發(fā)行的巨著《大國政治的悲劇》一書中充分闡述了這一理論。本文基于《大國政治的悲劇》一書,從理論來源、理論內(nèi)容、理論貢獻(xiàn)和理論缺陷這四個(gè)方面來系統(tǒng)評(píng)析米爾斯海默的進(jìn)攻性現(xiàn)實(shí)主義理論,以期全面系統(tǒng)的闡述進(jìn)攻性現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的理論價(jià)值。 米爾斯海默在繼承早期現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者修昔底德、馬基雅維利和霍布斯以及現(xiàn)實(shí)主義代表人物漢斯·摩根索和肯尼思·沃爾茲的權(quán)力思想的基礎(chǔ)上,又綜合了傳統(tǒng)的國家安全思想,提出大國之間從來都是不斷地進(jìn)行權(quán)力的角逐,追求權(quán)力的最大化直至成為地區(qū)霸主。他認(rèn)為大國實(shí)力主要由其相對軍事能力來衡量；大國都是“修正主義國家”；大國改變均勢的戰(zhàn)略主要包括訛詐、誘捕、坐觀血腥廝殺和戰(zhàn)爭；超級(jí)大國美國保持均勢應(yīng)采取離岸平衡的戰(zhàn)略；由于大國間的權(quán)力分配而造成的國際結(jié)構(gòu)是影響大國戰(zhàn)爭的關(guān)鍵因素；并對大國關(guān)系作出了預(yù)測,認(rèn)為中國將會(huì)成為美國潛在的威脅。米爾斯海默的進(jìn)攻性現(xiàn)實(shí)主義完善了現(xiàn)實(shí)主義理論,復(fù)興了傳統(tǒng)的地緣政治理論,補(bǔ)充了聯(lián)盟形成理論并且其對于國家安全的不斷追求很好的解釋了美國政府提出的新的安全觀念。但其理論也存在較大的理論缺陷,是一種視野比較狹窄,觀點(diǎn)比較偏激的理論,其理論對國際體系高度簡化；在研究行為主體上局限于大國,漠視中小國家和非國家行為主體的作用；對權(quán)力的理解上過分重視軍事權(quán)力；對大國關(guān)系的論述陷入宿命論和循環(huán)論；使得“中國威脅論”甚囂塵上,阻礙了我國的外交發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Offensive realism is the latest development of realism theory. It is a branch of structural realism since the 1990s. John Mills, a famous American scholar of international relations and a professor of Chicago University, is one of the most important scholars in the world. This theory is fully elaborated in his great book tragedy of Great Power Politics, published in 2001. This paper, based on the tragedy of Great Power Politics, is based on the theoretical source and theoretical content. In order to expound the theoretical value of offensive realism in a comprehensive and systematic way, the four aspects of theoretical contribution and theoretical defects are analyzed systematically. On the basis of inheriting the power thoughts of early realist Thucydides, Machiavelli and Hobbes, and realistic representatives Hans Morgenthal and Kenneth Woltz, Integrating the traditional thought of national security, the author points out that great powers always compete for power constantly, pursue the maximization of power until they become regional hegemonists. He thinks that the strength of great powers is mainly measured by their relative military capability. The major powers are all "revisionist countries"; the strategies of changing the balance of power include blackmail, entrapment, watching bloody fighting and war; the United States should adopt the strategy of offshore balance of power; The international structure resulting from the distribution of power among the great Powers is a key factor affecting the wars of the great Powers; and the relations between the great powers are predicted. Thinking that China would become a potential threat to the United States. Mills' offensive realism perfected the theory of realism and revived the traditional geopolitical theory. It complements the theory of formation of the alliance and its constant pursuit of national security, which explains the new concept of security put forward by the United States government. However, its theory also has great theoretical defects and is a relatively narrow field of vision. The theory of extreme views is highly simplified to the international system; it is limited to the large countries in the study of the behavior subject, ignoring the role of the small and medium-sized countries and the non-State actors; the understanding of the power attaches too much importance to the military power; The discussion of the relations between the great powers falls into the theory of fatalism and circulation, which makes the theory of "China threat" rampant and hinders the development of our country's diplomacy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D80

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