本文選題：歐盟　切入點：人道主義援助　出處：《北京外國語大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：冷戰(zhàn)后,國際局勢的變化使得人道主義援助受到越來越多的關(guān)注,兩極格局結(jié)束后,隨著全球人道主義危機增多,越來越多的行為體參與到人道主義援助行動之中。人道主義援助是對外援助的重要組成部分。是由各國政府、國際組織以及非政府組織參與的,向受到自然災(zāi)害或人為災(zāi)難影響的國家提供的援助。人道主義援助所附加的政治和軍事條件較少,或者沒有附加條件。人道主義援助旨在救助人的生命,維護人的尊嚴(yán)。人道主義援助脫離政治目標(biāo),關(guān)注受害者的生命與尊嚴(yán),人道主義援助的基本原則是獨立、公正、中立以及人道。歐盟是當(dāng)今世界最重要的人道主義援助行為體之一,作為世界上最大的援助者,通過與其他國際組織或非政府組織合作,向全世界范圍內(nèi)受人道主義危機影響的地區(qū)提供援助。歐盟從70年代開始參與人道主義援助,但這一時期人道主義援助并非歐共體對外關(guān)系的重要內(nèi)容,也缺乏單獨的統(tǒng)籌管理機構(gòu),援助十分局限且呈現(xiàn)出明顯的政治色彩。直到1992年歐盟委員會人道主義援助辦公室(the European Commission Office for Humanitarian Aid,ECHO)成立以后,人道主義援助才逐漸實現(xiàn)制度化。從1992年至今,歐盟人道主義援助經(jīng)歷了三個發(fā)展階段,成立了獨立的管理機構(gòu),制定了行動目標(biāo),合作框架;出臺相關(guān)法律奠定制度基礎(chǔ);凝聚社會共識,加強公民參與。人道主義援助援助的內(nèi)容和范圍都得到擴展,援助機制也不斷完善。歐盟人道主義援助范圍遍布全球,援助內(nèi)容豐富,不僅包括緊急時期基于生存與生活需求的救援,也包含長期的基于發(fā)展與保護的救援。歐盟不僅關(guān)注重大危機地區(qū),也重視被遺忘的危機地區(qū)。如今,歐盟是提供人道主義援助體現(xiàn)了歐盟的人道主義關(guān)懷和歐洲價值觀,對于緩解人道主義災(zāi)難,提高歐盟形象與影響力、增強歐洲凝聚力十分重要。但是,歐盟的人道主義援助也經(jīng)常受到質(zhì)疑,常被認為帶有政治動機,這削弱了人道主義援助堅持的原則,這不僅體現(xiàn)在歐盟內(nèi)部的人道主義援助機制上,也體現(xiàn)在歐盟與受援國關(guān)系、歐盟的對外關(guān)系政策之中。而敘利亞危機就是一個典型案例,體現(xiàn)出歐盟人道主義援助仍然受政治因素的影響。面對人道主義援助面臨的政治性挑戰(zhàn),歐盟仍需要采取更多的措施,完善人道主義援助機制與政策。
[Abstract]:After the Cold War, the changes in the international situation have made humanitarian assistance receive more and more attention. After the end of the bipolar pattern, with the increase of global humanitarian crises, An increasing number of actors are involved in humanitarian assistance operations. Humanitarian assistance is an important component of foreign assistance... involving governments, international organizations and non-governmental organizations, Assistance to countries affected by natural or man-made disasters... humanitarian assistance is less or less conditional on political and military conditions... humanitarian assistance is intended to save human lives, Safeguarding human dignity. Humanitarian assistance is divorced from political objectives and is concerned with the lives and dignity of the victims, and the fundamental principles of humanitarian assistance are independence and impartiality, Neutrality and humanity. The EU is one of the most important humanitarian aid actors in the world today, as the largest donor in the world, through cooperation with other international organizations or non-governmental organizations, The European Union has been involved in humanitarian assistance since the 1970s, but during this period humanitarian assistance was not an important part of the Community's external relations. There was also a lack of a separate overall management agency, and aid was limited and politically visible. Until the establishment of the European Commission Office for Humanitarian Aidhoo in 1992, From 1992 to now, EU humanitarian aid has gone through three stages of development, established an independent regulatory body, formulated operational objectives, cooperation framework, and issued relevant laws to lay the foundation of the system. Building social consensus and strengthening citizen participation. The content and scope of humanitarian assistance have been expanded, and the aid mechanism has been continuously improved. The EU humanitarian assistance covers the whole world and is rich in content. It includes not only survival and life-demand relief in times of emergency, but also long-term relief based on development and protection. The European Union focuses not only on major crisis areas, but also on forgotten crisis areas. The EU is providing humanitarian aid that embodies the EU's humanitarian concerns and European values, and is important for alleviating humanitarian disasters, enhancing the EU's image and influence, and enhancing European cohesion. European Union humanitarian aid is often questioned and often considered politically motivated, weakening the principles that humanitarian aid upholds, not only in the EU's internal humanitarian aid mechanisms, It is also reflected in the relations between the EU and the recipient countries, in the EU's foreign relations policy. And the Syrian crisis is a typical case. In the face of the political challenges faced by humanitarian aid, the EU still needs to take more measures to improve the mechanism and policy of humanitarian aid.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D814.1

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