本文選題：近代外交　切入點：洋務運動　出處：《湖南大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近代早期的洋務運動是一次自強救亡的改革運動，它以“師夷長技以制夷”與“中學為體、西學為用”為旗號邁出了中國近代化的第一步。作為洋務運動的重要組成部分，1870年代末興起的遣使活動是洋務運動深入發(fā)展到一個新階段的顯著標志。自1875年郭嵩燾出使英國直到1894年標志著洋務運動破產(chǎn)的中日甲午戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)，晚清政府先后向歐洲、美洲、日本派出駐外使節(jié)二十余人次，形成了一個奔走于東西洋之間、專門處理對外交涉事務的使節(jié)群體。 駐外使節(jié)群體之所以特殊，是因為他們是以傳統(tǒng)官僚的身份去切實感受資本主義文明，在中西學術文化激突的前沿行使自己的使臣職責。雖然每個人的情形不盡相同，但他們共有的出使經(jīng)歷都促使其在思想發(fā)生了巨大的轉(zhuǎn)變，成為導致其從傳統(tǒng)官僚隊伍中分化出來的一個重要因素。 他們思想活躍，因為他們所扮演的角色并不僅僅只是中國的外交官員，同時也是向西方求教的學生與融匯中西學的學者。他們從各個角度審視西方世界的方方面面，，加劇了自身對傳統(tǒng)儒學的質(zhì)疑與批判。在中西對比的過程中，他們體現(xiàn)出三種主要的思維方式，并且在此基礎上就一些有關中西學術與文化的問題闡發(fā)了新的主張。 本文擬就對洋務時期的出使背景及該群體成員在功名、籍貫、年齡、有無佐幕經(jīng)歷、出使前官職與品秩、回國后的歸宿等六個方面進行綜合分析，總結(jié)出他們共同所有的群體性特點。并就他們在中西對比中的三種思維與一些新問題上達成的共識進行一定的論述。
[Abstract]:The Westernization Movement in the early modern times was a reform movement of strengthening itself and saving the nation. Western learning has taken the first step of modernization of China under the banner of "Westernization". As an important part of the Westernization Movement, the emissary, which rose in the late 1870s, is a remarkable symbol of the further development of the Westernization Movement to a new stage. Since 1875, Guo Guo. Songtao's mission to England until 1894 marked the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War, which broke out in the Westernization Movement. The late Qing government sent more than 20 diplomatic envoys to Europe, America and Japan, forming a group of envoys who travel between the East and the West and deal with foreign affairs. The special reason for the special diplomatic missions abroad is that they really feel capitalist civilization as a traditional bureaucrat and exercise their role as envoys at the forefront of the upsurge of Chinese and Western academic culture. Although the situation of each person is different, However, their common mission experience has led to a great change in their thinking, which has become an important factor leading to their separation from the traditional bureaucracy. They are active because their role is not only Chinese diplomats, but also Western students and scholars. They look at all aspects of the Western world from all angles. In the process of comparison between China and the West, they embody three main ways of thinking, and on the basis of this, they expound some new ideas on the academic and cultural issues of China and the West. This paper intends to make a comprehensive analysis of the background of the diplomatic missions during the Westernization period and the six aspects of the group members in terms of merit, place of origin, age, experience in the service, rank of former official posts and articles, and home after returning to China. This paper summarizes the collective characteristics of their common ownership, and discusses the three kinds of thinking and the common understanding reached on some new issues in the comparison between China and the West.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D829;K256.1

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