本文選題：英美關系　切入點：越南戰(zhàn)爭　出處：《南京大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：從第二次世界大戰(zhàn)開始,美國便逐步卷入到越南事務之中。作為美國在戰(zhàn)后最為重要的盟國的英國,在戰(zhàn)時和冷戰(zhàn)時期也對越南事務的演變發(fā)揮了特定的作用。在約翰遜總統(tǒng)執(zhí)政時期,美國大規(guī)模升級越南戰(zhàn)爭,使得這場戰(zhàn)爭很快"美國化"。在升級的過程中,約翰遜政府非�？释軌虻玫絹碜杂诿藝闹С�,特別是英國的支持,以便為美國政府最大程度地消解來自國內(nèi)外的反戰(zhàn)壓力。約翰遜政府所期待的支持,在很大程度上體現(xiàn)為尋求英國政府向越南派出作戰(zhàn)部隊。約翰遜政府為此采取了多次努力,以推動英國出兵。但是英國威爾遜政府對于不斷升級中的越戰(zhàn)有著不同的認識,威爾遜政府自身也面臨著印馬對峙、英鎊危機等問題,英國國內(nèi)乃至執(zhí)政黨工黨內(nèi)部意見分立,這些都限制了威爾遜政府向美國提供更進一步的支持。同時,威爾遜政府也希望戰(zhàn)爭能夠盡早實現(xiàn)政治解決,并為此在東西方之間進行了多次斡旋,發(fā)起了"英聯(lián)邦倡議"、"向日葵行動"等重大外交斡旋行動。但是由于英美之間在越戰(zhàn)問題上的立場存在著較大的差異,最終兩國在戰(zhàn)爭問題上都未能滿足彼此的需求,雙邊關系也在這一時期開始從"特殊關系"滑落為"自然關系"。本研究旨在借鑒已有研究的基礎之上,利用多種第一手資料和其他文獻,對英美兩國在越南戰(zhàn)爭上的互動進行梳理,試圖找出英美兩國在戰(zhàn)爭問題上對于對方的不同需求,還原英美為了實現(xiàn)各自目標而進行的互動,并解答兩國為何沒能作出對方期待的行為的原因。并以此為切入點,認識冷戰(zhàn)時期美國與同盟國之間的外交關系。本文主要分為三章:第一章將主要回溯英美關系與越南(印度支那)事務的起源。太平洋戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后,英美就戰(zhàn)后印度支那的戰(zhàn)后出路曾產(chǎn)生過分歧。戰(zhàn)后法國重返印度支那以及第一次印度支那戰(zhàn)爭時期,英美對法國提供了不同程度的支援。在日內(nèi)瓦會議上,美國支持下的英國成功地同蘇聯(lián)一起在印支問題上實現(xiàn)了東西方之間的妥協(xié)。此后,美國在越南南方投入大量人力與資源建立起了一個反共堡壘,英國則予以了大力的支持,并派出顧問團幫助美越實施了"戰(zhàn)略村"等項目。在倒吳政變中,英美立場保持了一致。第二章將主要討論約翰遜政府尋求英國支持的緣起與經(jīng)過,以及英國不愿意提供美國期待的援助的原因。約翰遜總統(tǒng)執(zhí)政時期,美國決策層經(jīng)過長時間的反復思考,最終決定繼續(xù)保衛(wèi)南越政權,并開始不斷升級戰(zhàn)爭。在升級的過程中,為了消解來自美國國內(nèi)外的反戰(zhàn)意見,美國亟需來自盟國的支持,為此約翰遜政府發(fā)起了"更多旗幟"計劃。美國政府最看重的還是享有"特殊關系"美譽的盟國--英國的態(tài)度,英美兩國政府特別是約翰遜與威爾遜兩人,就英國出兵越南等英國支持美國越戰(zhàn)政策等的議題進行了長時間的溝通。但是英國威爾遜政府出于自身軍事、經(jīng)濟實力和執(zhí)政黨內(nèi)部反戰(zhàn)壓力,以及對越戰(zhàn)不同認識的考慮,沒有提供給美國所期待的支持。最后,隨著美國戰(zhàn)爭政策的進一步升級,英國政府實施了"切割",撤回了對美國的政治支持。第三章將研究英國推動美國實現(xiàn)越戰(zhàn)政治解決的行動。威爾遜政府出于消解出兵壓力、回應內(nèi)部反戰(zhàn)勢力要求、維護自身在東南亞利益等因素的考量,希望戰(zhàn)爭能夠盡早實現(xiàn)政治解決,并且積極游走于東西方之間進行斡旋,希望實現(xiàn)美國和北越之間的和談。為此,英國先后推動了"英聯(lián)邦倡議"、"向日葵行動"在內(nèi)的多次斡旋行動。"英聯(lián)邦倡議"是威爾遜政府在英聯(lián)邦會議上推動的,希望以英聯(lián)邦使團名義出訪有關國家首都,在遭到北越拒絕后還一度派出特使訪問河內(nèi)。"向日葵行動"是利用柯西金訪英之際,希望同蘇聯(lián)合作以推動和談進行的一次斡旋行動。但是由于英國無法解決美越之間立場差異巨大的問題,此類斡旋行動最終也歸于失敗。最后一部分是結語,對這一時期的英美關系與越南戰(zhàn)爭進行總結。
[Abstract]:From the beginning of the Second World War, the United States has gradually involved in Vietnam affairs. As of the United States the most important allies in wartime Britain, and also on the evolution of the cold war in Vietnam affairs play a specific role. In Johnson's presidency, the United States a major upgrade of the Vietnam War, the war soon "the United States". In the process of upgrading, Johnson government is eager to get the support from the allies, especially Britain's support for the U.S. government to maximize digestion from the domestic and foreign anti war pressure. Johnson government would support, largely embodied for the British government to send combat troops to Johnson. The Vietnamese government adopted many attempts to drive the British troops. But the British government Wilson have different understanding about the escalation of the Vietnam War, Werwilson The government itself is also facing a large confrontation, the sterling crisis and other issues, the domestic and the ruling Labour Party opinion within the division, which limits Werwilson government to provide further support to the United States. At the same time, the government also hopes to Werwilson war as soon as possible the realization of political solution, and therefore between the East and the West in a number of offices launched "the Commonwealth initiative", "sunflower action" and other major diplomatic action. But due to the Vietnam War stance between Britain and the United States there are great differences between the two countries in the final, on the issue of war have not been able to meet each other's needs, bilateral relations have begun to fall from the "special relationship" into a "natural relationship" in the on the basis of referring to the existing period. In this study, using the first hand data and a variety of other documents, the common interaction between the two countries in the Vietnam War on the comb, trying to find out the common The two countries on the issue of war for their different needs, in order to achieve their goal of reducing interaction between Anglo American and the reasons and answers why did not make the other two expected behavior. And as the starting point, understanding the cold war between the United States and allied diplomatic relations. This paper is divided into three chapters: the first chapter the main back of Anglo American relations with Vietnam (Indochina) affairs. The origin of the Pacific War broke out, the way Anglo American postwar Indochina had differences. Postwar France returned to Indochina and the first Indochina war, Britain offers varying degrees of support for France. At the Geneva conference, the United States supported Britain successfully together with the Soviet Union in Indo China realized the compromise between the East and the West. Since then, the United States has invested a lot of manpower and resources in South Vietnam established a Britain is to be a bulwark against communism, strong support, and sent the Advisory Group to help the implementation of the strategy of "village" project. In Wu in Anglo American stance is consistent. The second chapter mainly discusses the origin of the Johnson government for British support and after, and why Britain is not willing to provide us expectations aid. During the Johnson administration, U.S. policy makers after repeated thinking a long time, finally decided to continue to defend the South Vietnamese regime, and began escalating war. In the process of upgrading, in order to eliminate from the domestic and foreign anti war views, the US needs to support from allies, the Johnson government launched a "more flag" the United States government plan. The most valued or enjoy a "special relationship" reputation of the allies, Britain's attitude, the American and British governments especially Johnson and Werwilson two people, is the British to send troops to Vietnam and Britain etc. In support of American war policy issues for long time communication. But the British Wilson government for their own military, economic strength and anti war pressure within the ruling party, in consideration of the different understanding of the Vietnam War to the United States, did not provide the desired support. Finally, with the further escalation of the American war policy, the implementation of the British government "cut" the withdrawal of American political support. The third chapter will study the UK to promote a political solution to the United States to achieve the Vietnam government out of action. Werwilson digestion to respond to internal pressure, anti war forces, to safeguard their own interests in Southeast Asia and other factors considered, hope the war as soon as possible to achieve a political solution, and actively walk to mediate between the East and the west, hope to achieve peace talks between the United States and North Vietnam. Therefore, the UK has promoted the "Commonwealth initiative", "sunflower", many Mediation action. "The Commonwealth initiative" is the Wilson government in the Commonwealth conference, hope in the name of the Commonwealth mission to visit the capital of the country, in the North was also once more refused to send a special envoy to visit Hanoi. The "sunflower action" is the use of Kosygin's visit to Britain as a mediating action to collaborate with the Soviet Union in order to promote peace talks. But because the British position does not solve the problem of huge difference between the United States and Vietnam, such mediation ultimately failed. The last part is the conclusion, the Anglo American relations during this period and the Vietnam War were summarized.

【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D871.2;D856.1

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