本文選題：哈加納　切入點：猶太復國主義　出處：《陜西師范大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：哈加納是英國托管巴勒斯坦期間猶太復國主義政黨勞工聯(lián)盟建立的地下軍事組織,也是以色列建國前伊休夫(巴勒斯坦猶太社團)最大、最重要的防衛(wèi)組織。它在猶太復國主義運動史上占有重要的地位,并且成為后來以色列國防軍組建的基礎和核心,對以色列國的建立和發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了決定性影響。因此,對哈加納的研究有助于我們?nèi)媪私猹q太人在巴勒斯坦建國的曲折歷史,對于解決今天的巴以沖突也具有一定的參考價值。 本文由緒論、正文和結(jié)束語三部分組成。 緒論主要闡明了選題的緣由和意義,介紹了國內(nèi)外學術(shù)界對哈加納問題的研究現(xiàn)狀。 正文共分三章： 第一章,介紹了哈加納誕生的歷史背景。19世紀后期,由于沙皇俄國反猶和政治猶太復國主義思潮的影響,俄國和東歐猶太人掀起了向巴勒斯坦移民的阿利亞運動,結(jié)果引起當?shù)匕⒗说臄骋暫头磳?兩個民族之間的矛盾沖突愈演愈烈。為求自保,猶太移民開始建立武裝防衛(wèi)組織,從而為哈加納的建立奠定了基礎。 第二章,概述了哈加納的誕生及其發(fā)展演變的歷程。隨著阿猶沖突的升級,整個伊休夫的安全受到嚴重威脅,而此前建立的武裝組織已經(jīng)不能適應猶太人自衛(wèi)的需要,于是哈加納應運而生。在經(jīng)歷了分裂與重組、阿拉伯人暴動和第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后,哈加納逐漸發(fā)展壯大,并最終成為以色列國防軍建立的基礎和核心。 第三章,從四個方面論述了哈加納的歷史作用。面對當?shù)匕⒗藢映霾桓F的暴力襲擊,哈加納最大程度地保衛(wèi)了伊休夫的安全。為了打破英國委任統(tǒng)治當局對海外猶太移民的嚴格限制,哈加納組織歐洲猶太人非法移民到巴勒斯坦,并取得了顯著成效。在與阿拉伯人和英國人的沖突中,哈加納建立了系統(tǒng)的情報體系,有效地維護了伊休夫的利益。經(jīng)過二戰(zhàn)的洗禮,哈加納最終為猶太國家的建立和生存立下汗馬功勞。 結(jié)束語對文章進行總結(jié),認為猶太人在巴勒斯坦成功建國雖是諸多因素共同作用的結(jié)果,但是作為伊休夫“保護神”的哈加納無疑起到了決定性作用,正是它促成了猶太復國主義目標的最終實現(xiàn)。哈加納因轉(zhuǎn)變成國防軍而在形式上消失以后,其影響仍在以色列國延續(xù)著。
[Abstract]:Harakana is an underground military organization set up by the labor alliance of the Zionist political party during the British Trust of Palestine and the largest Palestinian Jewish community before the founding of Israel. The most important defence organization, which played an important role in the history of the Zionist movement and became the foundation and core of the later formation of the Israel Defense Forces, which had a decisive impact on the establishment and development of the State of Israel... The study of Harakana helps us to understand the tortuous history of Jewish statehood in Palestine, and also has certain reference value for resolving today's conflict between Palestine and Israel. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly expounds the reason and significance of the topic, and introduces the present situation of the research on Hagana problem in the academic circles at home and abroad. The text is divided into three chapters:. The first chapter introduces the historical background of the birth of Kazakana. In the late 19th century, because of the influence of anti-Semitism and political Zionism in the Tsar Russia, the Russian and Eastern European Jews set off a Alija movement to immigrate to Palestine. As a result, the local Arabs were hostile and opposed, and the conflict between the two nations became more and more serious. In order to protect themselves, Jewish immigrants began to set up armed defense organizations, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Kazakana. The second chapter outlines the birth and evolution of Hagana. With the escalation of the conflict in Aw, the security of the whole of Ishuf is seriously threatened, and the armed groups previously established are no longer able to adapt to the needs of the Jews in self-defence, After the division and reorganization, the Arab riots and the second World War, the Kazakh Qana gradually grew and became the foundation and core of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The third chapter discusses the historical role of Kazakana in four aspects. In the face of the endless violent attacks by local Arabs, In order to break the strict restrictions imposed by the British mandate on Jewish immigrants abroad, Hagana organized illegal immigration of European Jews to Palestine. And achieved remarkable results. In the conflict with the Arabs and the British, Hagana established a systematic intelligence system that effectively defended Ishoff's interests. After the baptism of World War II, Hanagana finally contributed to the establishment and survival of the Jewish state. Summing up the article, the conclusion concludes that although the successful establishment of the Jewish people in Palestine is the result of the joint action of many factors, there is no doubt that Hagana, as the "protector of the god" of Ishoff, played a decisive role. It was it that led to the ultimate realization of the Zionist goal, and its influence continued in the State of Israel after its formal disappearance into the Defence Force.
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D815.4

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