本文選題：聯(lián)合國(guó)　切入點(diǎn)：區(qū)域組織　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：聯(lián)合國(guó)是世界上最重要的普遍性國(guó)際組織,它的宗旨是維護(hù)世界和平與安全。維和行動(dòng)是聯(lián)合國(guó)創(chuàng)造并主導(dǎo)實(shí)施的,是應(yīng)對(duì)地區(qū)危機(jī)、維護(hù)世界和平與安全的重要手段,在國(guó)際和平與安全領(lǐng)域起著非常重要的作用。但是隨著維和行動(dòng)所面對(duì)的局勢(shì)日益復(fù)雜化,維和行動(dòng)的任務(wù)更加艱巨,聯(lián)合國(guó)已不再是維和行動(dòng)的惟一主體。聯(lián)合國(guó)鼓勵(lì)各國(guó)在將地區(qū)爭(zhēng)端提交安理會(huì)之前先由區(qū)域組織進(jìn)行解決,并積極倡導(dǎo)聯(lián)合國(guó)與區(qū)域組織在維和領(lǐng)域的合作,以共同面對(duì)地區(qū)危機(jī)。 區(qū)域組織參與聯(lián)合國(guó)的維和行動(dòng)是從戰(zhàn)后開始的。聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章第八章的區(qū)域辦法,將區(qū)域組織納入了國(guó)際安全體系之中,明確了區(qū)域組織在維護(hù)世界和平與安全方面的地位,并鼓勵(lì)用區(qū)域辦法解決爭(zhēng)端。聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章為區(qū)域組織的維和行動(dòng)提供了法律依據(jù)。冷戰(zhàn)前只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)區(qū)域組織實(shí)施過維和行動(dòng)。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以后,面對(duì)日益復(fù)雜的地區(qū)局勢(shì),加之聯(lián)合國(guó)的作用有限,越來越多的區(qū)域組織以其獨(dú)特的自身優(yōu)勢(shì)參與到國(guó)際維和事業(yè)中來。非洲聯(lián)盟、歐洲聯(lián)盟、美洲國(guó)家組織、阿拉伯國(guó)家聯(lián)盟等區(qū)域及次區(qū)域組織與聯(lián)合國(guó)合作,在解決地區(qū)沖突,維持地區(qū)穩(wěn)定方面作出了重要的貢獻(xiàn)。 然而,在肯定區(qū)域組織作用的同時(shí),也應(yīng)看到區(qū)域組織的維和實(shí)踐中存在著諸多問題:區(qū)域組織資源匱乏、維和實(shí)力不足,影響維和行動(dòng)正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);區(qū)域組織維和實(shí)踐中的合法性缺失;大國(guó)因素的存在和區(qū)域組織內(nèi)部的利益爭(zhēng)奪給維和歷程帶來了負(fù)面影響;聯(lián)合國(guó)的權(quán)威受到挑戰(zhàn);區(qū)域組織與聯(lián)合國(guó)相互協(xié)調(diào)過程中存在諸多的問題。這些問題使區(qū)域組織所發(fā)揮的作用十分有限。因此要加強(qiáng)區(qū)域組織自身建設(shè)、完善聯(lián)合國(guó)對(duì)區(qū)域組織的監(jiān)督和制約機(jī)制、促進(jìn)區(qū)域組織與聯(lián)合國(guó)的合作,以此來加強(qiáng)區(qū)域組織在國(guó)際維和中的作用。
[Abstract]:The United Nations is the most important universal international organization in the world, and its purpose is to maintain world peace and security. Peacekeeping operations are created and led by the United Nations and are an important means of dealing with regional crises and maintaining world peace and security. They play a very important role in the field of international peace and security. However, as the situation facing peacekeeping operations becomes increasingly complex, the tasks of peacekeeping operations become even more difficult. The United Nations is no longer the sole subject of peacekeeping operations. The United Nations encourages States to resolve regional disputes before submitting them to the Security Council, and actively advocates cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations in the field of peacekeeping. To face the regional crisis together. The participation of regional organizations in United Nations peacekeeping operations began after the war. The regional approach under Chapter 8th of the Charter of the United Nations, which incorporates regional organizations into the system of international security, clarifies the status of regional organizations in the maintenance of world peace and security, Encouraging regional approaches to the settlement of disputes... the Charter of the United Nations provides a legal basis for peacekeeping operations by regional organizations... only a few regional organizations carried out peacekeeping operations prior to the cold war... in the face of increasingly complex regional situations since the end of the cold war, In addition to the limited role of the United Nations, more and more regional organizations are participating in international peacekeeping with their unique advantages. The African Union, the European Union, the Organization of American States, Regional and subregional organizations such as the League of Arab States and the United Nations, in cooperation with the United Nations, have made important contributions to the resolution of regional conflicts and the maintenance of regional stability. However, while affirming the role of regional organizations, we should also see that there are many problems in the peacekeeping practice of regional organizations: lack of resources and insufficient peacekeeping strength of regional organizations affect the normal operation of peacekeeping operations; The lack of legitimacy in the practice of peacekeeping in regional organizations, the existence of major power factors and the contention of interests within regional organizations have brought negative effects on the course of peacekeeping, the authority of the United Nations has been challenged, and the authority of the United Nations has been challenged. There are many problems in the process of coordination between regional organizations and the United Nations. These problems make the role of regional organizations very limited. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the self-building of regional organizations and to improve the mechanisms of oversight and restraint of regional organizations by the United Nations, To enhance the role of regional organizations in international peacekeeping by promoting cooperation between regional organizations and the United Nations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D813.2

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