本文選題：南海政策　切入點：外交政策　出處：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：南海問題目前的復雜性需要從歷史中尋找經(jīng)驗和教益。就目前對南海問題的研究來看,現(xiàn)有的對中國南海政策的研究存在著歷史視野上的不完整,對影響政策相關(guān)因素的研究仍有待深入。中國的南海政策指的是中國為維護其在南海的島礁主權(quán)及海洋權(quán)益,在經(jīng)過對國內(nèi)外環(huán)境的判斷及評估后,所采取的相應(yīng)決定及行動。從整體的角度來看,國際環(huán)境、海軍力量和決策層的認知是影響中國南海政策的關(guān)鍵性因素。國際環(huán)境的變化指的是國家間權(quán)勢對比的消長,這種消長引起了地區(qū)甚至國際權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)的震蕩和變動,主要表現(xiàn)為國家間關(guān)系的波動甚至逆轉(zhuǎn)。影響外交政策的要素可能會因國際環(huán)境的變化而重新進行排列組合。國際環(huán)境的變化會影響到國家為政策目標而進行行動的自由度和獲取資源用以發(fā)展政策工具的通達性。艦艇的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量是影響海軍力量這一國家外交政策工具有效性的重要因素。除此之外,國際環(huán)境會影響到海軍力量發(fā)展獲取資源的便捷性,還和同其他國家�？哲娏α康膶Ρ纫黄饹Q定了軍事力量這一政策手段的使用自由度。此外,海軍力量的發(fā)展與國家安全的具體需求有密切的聯(lián)系。決策層的認知主要表現(xiàn)為對某一外交問題所涉及的具體知識的掌握,以及根據(jù)此而確定的該問題在國家整體外交議程中的地位安排和相應(yīng)的政策選取方式。知識儲備水平、信息獲取和傳遞機制、民族情感和對政治權(quán)力延續(xù)的考慮是影響決策層認知的變量。上述三個因素的交織與復合決定了中國在南海問題上的目標及行為,某一要素的變化往往會對其他要素產(chǎn)生牽動,這三個因素的變動具有明顯的歷史階段性,使得中國的南海政策同樣呈現(xiàn)出階段性特點。本文以中國在南海地區(qū)立足點的拓展過程為討論線索,對中國南海政策及其影響因素的演變進行分階段討論。維護中國的南海主權(quán)和海洋權(quán)益是中國南海政策的一貫?zāi)繕?但某些時段內(nèi)有關(guān)因素的限制性作用會影響具體政策手段的選擇。具體而言,除去國際環(huán)境的影響以外,海軍力量和決策者的認知在某些階段限制了中國南海政策手段的選擇。未來的南海政策仍舊需要耐心和理性。應(yīng)該以理性的態(tài)度看待國際社會,并理性使用手中資源,避免那種由于單一因素而導致的視角缺陷和對國際問題過分簡單化的看待模式。
[Abstract]:At present, the complexity of the South China Sea problem needs to seek experience and lessons from history. From the current research on the South China Sea issue, the existing research on China's South China Sea policy is incomplete from the historical perspective. China's South China Sea policy refers to the fact that China, in order to safeguard its sovereignty over islands and reefs and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea, after judging and evaluating the domestic and foreign environment, The corresponding decisions and actions taken. From the overall perspective, the international environment, naval force and the perception of decision-making levels are the key factors influencing China's policy in the South China Sea. The changes in the international environment refer to the rise and fall of the power contrast between countries. This growth and decline has caused regional and even international power structures to shake and change. The factors affecting foreign policy may be rearranged and combined as a result of changes in the international environment. Changes in the international environment may affect the conduct of countries for policy purposes. Freedom of movement and access to resources to develop access to policy instruments. The number and quality of ships are important factors affecting the effectiveness of naval forces as a foreign policy tool of the country. The international environment affects the ease with which naval forces can develop and acquire resources, and together with the comparison of naval and air forces with other countries determines the degree of freedom of use of military forces as a policy tool. The development of naval power is closely related to the specific needs of national security. And the status of the issue in the overall diplomatic agenda of the country and the corresponding policy options, the level of knowledge reserve, the mechanism for obtaining and transmitting information, National emotion and consideration of the continuation of political power are variables that influence the cognition of decision makers. The intertwining and compounding of these three factors determine China's goal and behavior in the South China Sea issue, and changes in one element often affect other factors. The changes of these three factors have obvious historical stages, which make China's policy in the South China Sea also show the characteristics of stages. This paper takes the process of China's foothold in the South China Sea as a clue to discuss. The evolution of China's South China Sea policy and its influencing factors are discussed in stages. Safeguarding China's sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea is the consistent goal of China's South China Sea policy. However, the restrictive effects of relevant factors during certain periods of time may affect the choice of specific policy instruments... in particular, in addition to the effects of the international environment, Naval forces and the cognition of decision makers have at some stage restricted the choice of policy instruments for China's South China Sea. Future policies in the South China Sea still require patience and rationality. The international community should be viewed in a rational manner and the resources at hand should be used rationally. Avoid single-factor visual flaws and simplistic approaches to international issues.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D823

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