本文選題：RD-180火箭發(fā)動機　切入點：保護協(xié)議　出處：《深圳大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著中方航天工程的不斷發(fā)展,中方采購俄方RD-180火箭發(fā)動機提到議事日程�；趦煞叫枨蟮幕パa性,俄方尋找的既有需求又有雄厚資金的國際合作伙伴,目前恐怕只有中方了。目前中方火箭各種型號也很完全,的才能也不差,如果能得到RD-180這種大推力的火箭發(fā)動機將對中方探究宇宙活動起很大作用,尤其是向太空運送大型空間軌道艙。俄方在出口RD-180火箭發(fā)動機的同時一定要維護其技術(shù),而中方需要產(chǎn)品的同時更渴求獲得技術(shù)。有專家認為,俄方希望達成政府間技術(shù)保護協(xié)議。俄方以為,依據(jù)火箭技術(shù)分散監(jiān)視制度,俄方要為這種技術(shù)被不是該制度成員的使用承當全副責任。俄方還認為中方在短期內(nèi)不可能研制出相似的RD-180發(fā)動機。美方同類自主火箭發(fā)動機的研發(fā)、制作和通過品質(zhì)驗證估計不會早于2023年。俄方的底線是:中方在航天方案中以使用RD-180時必需保護其知識產(chǎn)權(quán)作為替換條件,俄方批準,對華發(fā)售RD-180火箭發(fā)動機生產(chǎn)許可證。但是,這種計劃對中方來講并不理想,雙方在此范圍的會談一直在艱難中前進。中方在2014年初開始對RD-180火箭發(fā)動機有興趣,這件事情本來是對彼此有利的。但在俄方看來,中方是沖著RD-180火箭發(fā)動機技術(shù)來的。俄方的軍工實力很強,但是能夠拿出來交易的軍工產(chǎn)品愈來越少,故而能留一些是一些,中方和俄方的主要分歧就在這里。其后談判了兩三年沒有完全談攏。雖然沒有用上俄方的發(fā)動機,中方的長征五號火箭依舊在今年成功發(fā)射了,所以中方并不著急。最近這段時間,俄美兩方的關(guān)系不再那么緊張了,RD-180火箭發(fā)動機很有可能接著賣給美方。所以俄方也不著急以終止談判的方式對中方施以壓力。實際上,此事說明,伙伴關(guān)系歸伙伴關(guān)系,做起生意來還要按照生意人的方式來。對中方來說,若單單購買產(chǎn)品,還不如把金錢投資在自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的技術(shù)研發(fā)上,再過幾年也許就會有結(jié)果。當然若俄方愿意把自己的技術(shù)賣給中方,那么兩方的合作就能夠更進一步。俄方覺得,中方本身的航天實力就很強,特別善于消化吸收新的技術(shù),如果把技術(shù)賣給中方,俄方擔心中方很快就會搶占了自己的市場。但筆者認為,中俄作為戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴,在RD-180火箭發(fā)動機的交易中應(yīng)當跳出“生意”的概念,面對美方和北大西洋公約組織東西兩面的圍堵,中俄在戰(zhàn)略安全上更加需要“抱團取暖”增加戰(zhàn)略互信。當然這一切應(yīng)建立在法律的基礎(chǔ)上,即要求中方在取得RD-180火箭發(fā)動機及其技術(shù)后不能擅自仿制、擴散以及單獨使用該技術(shù),否則應(yīng)承擔違約責任。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of China's space project, China's purchase of Russian RD-180 rocket engines is on the agenda. Based on the complementarity of demand between the two sides, Russia is looking for international partners with both needs and abundant funds. At present, I am afraid only China is the only one. At present, the Chinese rocket models are also very complete, and their talent is not bad. If we can get a rocket engine with such a large thrust as RD-180, it will play a very important role in exploring the space activities of the Chinese side. In particular, to ship large space orbital modules into space. Russia must maintain its technology while exporting RD-180 rocket engines, while the Chinese side needs products and is even more eager to acquire technology. Some experts believe that. Russia wants to reach an intergovernmental agreement on technology protection. Russia believes that under the rocket technology decentralized surveillance system, The Russian side is fully responsible for the use of this technology by non-members of the system. Russia also believes that it is impossible for China to develop similar RD-180 engines in the short term. The bottom line of the Russian side is that the Chinese side in the space program must protect its intellectual property rights while using RD-180 as a replacement condition, and the Russian side approves it. The RD-180 rocket engine production license is being sold to China. However, such a plan is not ideal for China, and talks between the two sides in this area have been moving forward in a difficult way. China began to be interested in RD-180 rocket engines on early 2014. This was originally beneficial to each other. But from the point of view of Russia, the Chinese side is coming after the RD-180 rocket engine technology. Russia has a very strong military industry, but the number of military products that can be brought out and traded is getting smaller and fewer, so it can keep some of it. This is the main difference between China and Russia. After two or three years of negotiations, it was not fully agreed. Although the Russian engine was not used, China's long March 5 rocket was launched successfully this year. So the Chinese side is not in a hurry. Recently, relations between Russia and the United States have become less tense. It is very likely that the RD-180 rocket engine will continue to be sold to the US side. So the Russian side is not in a hurry to put pressure on the Chinese side by terminating the negotiations. In fact, The matter shows that the partnership belongs to the partnership, and the way to start business is to follow the way of business people. For the Chinese side, if they buy products alone, they might as well invest their money in technological research and development of their own intellectual property rights. In a few years' time, there may be results. Of course, if Russia is willing to sell its own technology to the Chinese side, then the cooperation between the two sides will be able to go further. Russia feels that the Chinese side has a very strong space capability and is particularly good at digesting and absorbing new technology. If the technology is sold to the Chinese side, the Russian side fears that the Chinese side will soon seize its own market. However, the author believes that as a strategic partner, China and Russia, as strategic partners, should jump out of the concept of "business" in the RD-180 rocket engine transaction. In the face of the east-west siege by the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, China and Russia all the more need to "surround themselves" in terms of strategic security and increase strategic mutual trust. Of course, all this should be based on the law. That is to say, China should not copy, diffuse and use the RD-180 rocket engine and its technology without authorization, otherwise it should be liable for breach of contract.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：深圳大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D813.2;E257;E512

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