本文關(guān)鍵詞： 烏克蘭危機(jī) 美歐制裁 俄羅斯反制裁 外交戰(zhàn)略新轉(zhuǎn)向　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：2013年11月21日,烏克蘭危機(jī)爆發(fā),在此之后,經(jīng)歷了政權(quán)更迭、克里米亞入俄、軍事沖突等一系列事件,美歐與俄羅斯的沖突也在不斷升級(jí)惡化。尤其是在克里米亞宣布公投獨(dú)立并入俄羅斯后,美歐國(guó)家接連對(duì)俄羅斯出臺(tái)了一攬子制裁措施,制裁內(nèi)容涵蓋了個(gè)人和組織、能源行業(yè)、金融機(jī)構(gòu)、軍工企業(yè)、國(guó)有公司等廣泛的領(lǐng)域。面對(duì)美歐不斷升級(jí)的制裁轟炸,俄羅斯也以強(qiáng)硬的態(tài)度實(shí)施反制裁進(jìn)行回應(yīng)。受到美歐制裁的影響,俄羅斯陷入了內(nèi)政外交的雙困境。在經(jīng)濟(jì)上,盧布大幅貶值,貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口出現(xiàn)危機(jī),外資出逃嚴(yán)重,投資環(huán)境進(jìn)一步惡化,國(guó)際融資和支付渠道也受到了極大的限制,居民生活水平下降,對(duì)俄羅斯的金融和宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)都帶來了極為不利的影響;在政治外交上,美歐聯(lián)手不斷給俄羅斯施加壓力,實(shí)施孤立政策。美歐與俄羅斯在烏克蘭問題上的不可調(diào)和以及制裁與反制裁的不斷升級(jí),導(dǎo)致雙方關(guān)系愈加緊張和疏遠(yuǎn),甚至降至了冷戰(zhàn)后的最低點(diǎn)。面臨著如此嚴(yán)峻的國(guó)際環(huán)境,俄羅斯進(jìn)行了一系列戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整,以此緩解美歐制裁帶來的種種不利因素,謀求提高在國(guó)際格局中的地位和影響力。俄羅斯出臺(tái)了新的國(guó)家安全戰(zhàn)略,重新明確了俄羅斯國(guó)家利益、內(nèi)政外交政策優(yōu)先方向、經(jīng)濟(jì)能源安全以及軍事力量的任務(wù)和目標(biāo);重新整合獨(dú)聯(lián)體地區(qū),強(qiáng)化在該地區(qū)的主導(dǎo)權(quán),大力推進(jìn)“歐亞聯(lián)盟”戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想的實(shí)現(xiàn);在“向東看”的外交戰(zhàn)略指引下,將發(fā)展的目光從歐洲地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移到亞太地區(qū),積極推進(jìn)與亞太地區(qū)國(guó)家的對(duì)話與合作,尤其是中俄兩國(guó)合作的戰(zhàn)略性日益凸顯,在普京的積極推動(dòng)下,推動(dòng)建立了中俄全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系,中俄友好關(guān)系全面升溫,同時(shí)加強(qiáng)與越南、蒙古、印度、朝鮮等其他亞太地區(qū)國(guó)家在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的友好合作,還積極參與亞太經(jīng)合組織、金磚國(guó)家會(huì)議、上海合作組織等亞太地區(qū)合作機(jī)制,以此來努力拓展在亞太地區(qū)的發(fā)展空間。
[Abstract]:In November 21st 2013, the crisis in Ukraine broke out. After that, it experienced a series of events such as regime change, Crimea's entry into Russia, military conflict, etc. The conflict between the United States and Europe and Russia is also escalating and worsening. In particular, after Crimea announced its referendum on its independence into Russia, the United States and European countries successively issued a package of sanctions against Russia, covering individuals and organizations. The energy industry, financial institutions, military industrial enterprises, state-owned companies and other broad fields. In the face of the escalating sanctions bombing by the United States and Europe, Russia has also responded with a tough attitude in the implementation of counter-sanctions. It has been affected by the sanctions imposed by the United States and Europe. Russia is caught in a double dilemma in domestic and foreign affairs. Economically, the rouble has depreciated substantially, trade imports and exports have been in crisis, foreign capital has fled seriously, the investment environment has further deteriorated, and international financing and payment channels have also been severely restricted. The decline in the standard of living of the residents has had a very negative impact on Russia's financial and macroeconomic sectors. In terms of political diplomacy, the United States and Europe have been exerting constant pressure on Russia. The implementation of the policy of isolation. The irreconcilability of the United States and Europe with Russia over Ukraine and the escalation of sanctions and counter-sanctions have led to further tension and alienation between the two sides. It has even dropped to its lowest point since the cold war. In the face of such a severe international environment, Russia has made a series of strategic adjustments in order to alleviate the adverse factors brought about by US and European sanctions. Seeking to improve the status and influence in the international structure. Russia has issued a new national security strategy, redefining the tasks and objectives of Russia's national interests, domestic and foreign policy priorities, economic and energy security and military power; Reintegrating the CIS region, strengthening leadership in the region, vigorously promoting the realization of the strategic concept of the "Eurasian Union", and under the guidance of the diplomatic strategy of "looking east", shifting the focus of development from the European region to the Asia-Pacific region. Actively promoting dialogue and cooperation with countries in the Asia-Pacific region, especially the strategic significance of cooperation between China and Russia. Under the active push of Putin, the establishment of a comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation between China and Russia has been promoted, and the friendly relations between China and Russia have warmed up in an all-round way. At the same time, to strengthen friendly cooperation with Vietnam, Mongolia, India, Korea and other Asia-Pacific countries in political, economic, security and other fields, and to actively participate in the APEC and BRICS meetings, Cooperation mechanisms in the Asia-Pacific region, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, are used to expand the development space in the Asia-Pacific region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D851.2

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