發(fā)布時間：2018-02-27 03:11

  本文關鍵詞： 俄北關系 北約東擴 地緣政治 非傳統(tǒng)安全　出處：《吉林大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：北大西洋公約組織成立于1949年，是二戰(zhàn)結束后美國聯(lián)合西歐大國共同建立的國際軍事組織。蘇聯(lián)及東歐社會主義國家為對抗北約于1955年建立華約組織，自此形成兩大國際軍事組織的冷戰(zhàn)敵對態(tài)勢。1991年華約解散，冷戰(zhàn)結束，北約在新的國際形勢下繼續(xù)謀求發(fā)展。美國通過擴大北約的政治職能及實施東擴計劃等戰(zhàn)略手段，繼續(xù)控制歐洲和主導世界，維護其全球霸權地位。北約東擴嚴重損害了俄羅斯的國家安全利益，隨著北約地理范圍和政治職能的擴大以及參與國際事務程度的加深，俄北關系的發(fā)展變化已不再是地區(qū)性問題。本文對俄北關系發(fā)展歷程進行詳細梳理，以過去二十年俄羅斯與北約關系的歷史事件為依據(jù)，深刻分析了俄北關系的動因和特點；通過對比俄羅斯三屆領導人對北約政策的演變，對俄北關系的未來發(fā)展做出理性判斷；最后全面總結俄北關系產(chǎn)生的影響，為中國的發(fā)展和對外政策的制定提供借鑒。 本文共分5章。 第1章回顧葉利欽和普京兩個時期的俄北關系。葉利欽執(zhí)政之初俄北關系經(jīng)歷了一段蜜月時期，但雙方在北約東擴問題上逐漸形成分歧和矛盾，在經(jīng)歷一段斗爭時期后，于1997年簽署“基本文件”，俄北關系進入適應階段�？扑魑謶�(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā)使葉利欽執(zhí)政末期的俄北關系迅速惡化。普京上臺后確定執(zhí)政目標并調(diào)整對外政策，改善同西方國家關系，積極與北約接觸，建立北約—俄羅斯理事會。在“9·11”事件發(fā)生的契機下同北約展開廣泛合作。在葉利欽和普京的治理下俄羅斯綜合國力顯著提升，但在這兩個時期分別完成的兩輪北約東擴計劃使俄羅斯的地緣戰(zhàn)略空間受到嚴重擠壓。 第2章總結了梅德韋杰夫時期俄北關系的發(fā)展變化。梅德韋杰夫上臺后發(fā)生俄格沖突事件，俄北關系中斷近一年時間。隨著全球化進程加深，非傳統(tǒng)安全問題地位上升促進了俄羅斯與北約的合作。在新時期“北約戰(zhàn)略新概念”推出后，，俄羅斯與北約恢復接觸。反導問題的進一步發(fā)展是梅德韋杰夫時期俄北關系的焦點問題，雙方在反恐等非傳統(tǒng)安全領域繼續(xù)加強合作。 本文在第3章中將俄北關系的動因總結為四點，分別是俄美關系的主導因素、北約因素、俄羅斯因素和外部環(huán)境因素。首先，北約轉變職能及制定政策由美國主導，俄北關系的發(fā)展實質是以俄美關系變化為導向的。其次，北約政治職能擴大和北約東擴都是俄北關系變化的內(nèi)在影響因素。第三，俄羅斯對外政策的制定以及與北約關系發(fā)展方向受國家實力和發(fā)展需要限制。第四，外部因素影響俄北關系的發(fā)展方向，其中最主要為恐怖主義和全球經(jīng)濟危機的影響。 結合對俄北關系的歷史回顧以及對雙邊關系發(fā)展動因的深刻分析，本文第4章對俄北關系的特點進行了歸納。首先，俄北關系最主要特點是結構性矛盾的存在，主要指嚴重的互信缺失導致的安全困境。其次，俄羅斯與北約實力的不平衡導致了雙邊關系的不對稱性，北約一向處于主導地位而俄羅斯處于被動地位。第三，歷史經(jīng)驗表明，俄北關系受制因素頗多，導致其具有不穩(wěn)定性。最后，俄羅斯與北約先后建立的一些合作機制起到了穩(wěn)固關系和擴大合作的作用，但雙方根本矛盾并未得到有效解決，俄羅斯與北約的合作機制具有一定的象征性。 本文在第5章對俄羅斯三屆領導人對北約的政策進行對比分析，進而對俄北關系未來做出客觀的預測。另外，對俄北關系的深遠影響也作出理性的分析和總結，并得出關于我國對外政策制定和國家發(fā)展方向的啟示。
[Abstract]:The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was founded in 1949, is an international military organization after World War II the United Western European countries jointly established. The Soviet Union and Eastern European socialist countries to fight against NATO in 1955 the establishment of the Warsaw Pact, and since the formation of the two major international military organization of the Cold War rivalry.1991 dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, the end of the cold war, NATO continues to seek development in the new international situation. The United States through the expansion of NATO's political functions and eastwardexpansion plans and other strategic means to control and dominate the world in Europe, to maintain its global hegemony. NATO's eastward expansion, serious damage to the national security interests of Russia, along with the expansion of NATO geographic scope and political functions and deepen participation in international affairs, the development of the Russian North relations change is no longer a regional problem. The development of the Russian North relations this paper combs, over the past twenty years, Russia The relationship between Sri Lanka and NATO historical events as the basis, a profound analysis of the causes and characteristics of the Russian North relations; by comparing Russia's three leaders on the evolution of NATO policy, make rational judgment on the future development of the Russian North relations; finally, a comprehensive summary of the impact of Russian North relations, to provide reference for the formulation of the China development and foreign policy.
This article is divided into 5 chapters.
The first chapter reviews the relations of Russia Yeltsin and Putin two times. Yeltsin at the beginning of the reign of the Russian North relations experienced a honeymoon period, but the two sides in the expansion of NATO has gradually formed the differences and contradictions, after a period of struggle, in 1997 signed the "basic documents", the Russian North relations into the adaptation stage. The relations of Russia and Kosovo war to the end of the Yeltsin administration deteriorated rapidly. After Putin came to power to determine the ruling target and adjust foreign policy, improve relations with western countries, actively contact with NATO, NATO - Russia Council. Extensive cooperation in "9 - 11" events in the governance of NATO. Opportunity below Yeltsin and Putin under Russia's overall national strength significantly improved, but were completed in the two periods of two rounds of NATO's eastward expansion plan that Russia's geopolitical strategy severely squeezed.
The second chapter summarizes the development and change of the Russian North relations during the period of Medvedev. Medvedev clashes came after Georgia, the Russian North relations interrupted for nearly a year. With the deepening of globalization, the status of non traditional security promoted the cooperation between Russia and NATO. In the new era of "NATO's new strategic concept after the launch, Russia and NATO restore contact. The further development of the ABM issue is the focus of the Russian North relations during the Medvedev period, the two sides continue to strengthen cooperation in the fight against terrorism and other non-traditional security fields.
In the third chapter, motivation of the Russian North relations up to four points, respectively, is the dominant factor, relations between the United States and Russia NATO Russia factors, factors and external environmental factors. Firstly, the functions and policy transformation of NATO led by the United States, the development of the Russian North relations is the essence of Russia-U.S. relations change oriented. Secondly, NATO the political functions of the expansion and the expansion of NATO are internal factors influencing the change of the Russian North relations. In third, the development direction of the formulation of Russian foreign policy and relations with NATO by national strength and development needs. Fourth, the Russian North relations development direction of external factors, the main influence of terrorism and the global economic crisis.
Combined with the history of the Russian North relations and a deep analysis on the development of bilateral relations in the fourth chapter, the causes, characteristics of the Russian North relations are summarized. Firstly, the main characteristics of the Russian North relations is the existence of structural contradictions, mainly refers to the security dilemma caused by the serious lack of mutual trust. Secondly, the strength of Russia and NATO the imbalance leads to the asymmetry of bilateral relations, NATO and Russia has always been dominant in the passive position. Third, historical experience shows that a lot of the Russian North relations subject factors, has resulted in the instability. Finally, some cooperation mechanism of Russia and NATO has established plays a role of solid relations and expand cooperation, but fundamentalcontradictions have not been effectively resolved, Russia and NATO cooperation mechanism has a certain symbolic.
In the fifth chapter of the three leaders of Russia to NATO policy were analyzed, and then the Russian North relations in the future to make objective prediction. In addition, a far-reaching influence on the relations of Russia also makes a rational analysis and summary, and draw on China's foreign policy and national development direction of enlightenment.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D814.1

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