本文關(guān)鍵詞： “威脅制衡” 美日同盟 中國崛起　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：后冷戰(zhàn)時代,中美和中日之間交往關(guān)系不斷深化,而美日同盟卻不斷強(qiáng)化,將日益崛起的中國視作“威脅”并加以制衡。在眾多同盟理論中,斯蒂芬·沃爾特的“威脅制衡理論”對解釋美日同盟現(xiàn)狀最有說服力。同盟形成并不是僅僅源于“權(quán)力失衡”,而是對于外部威脅的反應(yīng),國家結(jié)成同盟是為了制衡威脅。威脅的水平受綜合實(shí)力、地緣毗鄰性、進(jìn)攻實(shí)力和進(jìn)攻意圖影響。 冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后美日同盟調(diào)整與中國快速發(fā)展存在緊密的聯(lián)系。失去蘇聯(lián)這一“共同目標(biāo)”后,美日兩國將發(fā)展勢頭良好的中國視為同盟的“巨大威脅”,不斷強(qiáng)化同盟以制衡中國。但是,美日同盟對于“中國威脅”的判斷是不準(zhǔn)確的：中國國力雖然在上升,但與美日相比,仍然相差懸殊,在綜合實(shí)力和軍事進(jìn)攻能力上構(gòu)不成對美日的威脅；地緣因素不能一維決定鄰國具有“威脅性”；中國的崛起意圖是和平與發(fā)展,加深與別國的相互聯(lián)系與交往,而不是挑起沖突、謀求地區(qū)甚至世界霸主地位,粗暴的侵犯他國利益。 在國際體系發(fā)展到相互依存和利益依賴的今天,國家利益的緊密聯(lián)系將增加國家發(fā)動挑戰(zhàn)的成本,降低國家挑戰(zhàn)的欲望與需求,在一定程度上緩沖國家崛起帶來的“威脅”與進(jìn)攻意圖,與挑戰(zhàn)相反,加強(qiáng)國家間相互交往更符合國家利益的需要。基于國際體系角度考察,中國與他國政治上互相尊重、友好合作,利益上交往密切、相互依賴,積極參加并維護(hù)國際制度,文化上和諧交流。因此,積極融入國際體系和深化與美日交往的中國不是美日同盟的“威脅”。 中國崛起并不構(gòu)成對美日同盟的挑戰(zhàn)。美日同盟不斷強(qiáng)化并虛構(gòu)“中國威脅”有著深層面的戰(zhàn)略考慮,美日兩國一味采取對抗并制衡中國發(fā)展的行為,會嚴(yán)重危害東亞安全與和平,最終帶來各方利益受損的悲慘結(jié)局。 中國崛起不可避免對國際體系產(chǎn)生一定沖擊,美日等國會表現(xiàn)出一定的不適應(yīng)性,并且在短期內(nèi)繼續(xù)強(qiáng)化同盟以防范中國。中國應(yīng)認(rèn)清美日同盟發(fā)展趨勢并努力化解：在準(zhǔn)確國際社會定位的基礎(chǔ)上,堅(jiān)持用和平的發(fā)展事實(shí)消除他國“國強(qiáng)必霸”的憂慮,并且繼續(xù)深化與美日交往、構(gòu)建相互信任的中美日關(guān)系,爭取為中國和平崛起創(chuàng)造有利的地區(qū)及國際環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:In the post-Cold War era, the relationship between the United States and China and Japan has deepened, while the US-Japan alliance has been strengthened, treating the rising China as a "threat" and balancing it. Stephen Walter's theory of threat checks and balances is the most persuasive way to explain the current situation of the US-Japan alliance, which was formed not just from a "power imbalance," but from a reaction to external threats. Countries form alliances to counterbalance threats, the level of which is influenced by comprehensive strength, geographical proximity, offensive power, and intent. After the end of the Cold War, the adjustment of the US-Japan alliance was closely related to China's rapid development. After the loss of the "common goal" of the Soviet Union, The United States and Japan regard China, which is developing well, as a "great threat" to the alliance and constantly strengthen the alliance to counterbalance China. However, the US-Japan alliance's judgment on the "China threat" is inaccurate: China's national strength is on the rise. However, compared with the United States and Japan, there is still a great disparity between the United States and Japan. It does not constitute a threat to the United States and Japan in terms of its comprehensive strength and military offensive capability; the geographical factors cannot one-dimensional determine the "threat" of neighboring countries; and China's intention of rising up is peace and development. Instead of provoking conflicts, seeking regional and even world hegemony, and grossly violating the interests of other countries, we should deepen our mutual ties and exchanges with other countries. At a time when the international system has developed into interdependence and interest dependence, the close link of national interests will increase the cost of national challenges and reduce their desires and needs, To a certain extent, to buffer the "threat" and offensive intention brought about by the rise of a country, contrary to the challenge, it is more in line with the national interests to strengthen mutual exchanges between countries. From the perspective of the international system, China and other countries have political respect for each other. Friendly cooperation, close and interdependent exchanges in interests, active participation in and maintenance of international systems, and harmonious cultural exchanges. Therefore, China, which actively integrates into the international system and deepens exchanges with the United States and Japan, is not a "threat" of the US-Japan alliance. The rise of China does not pose a challenge to the US-Japan alliance, which is constantly strengthening and fabricating the "China threat" with deep strategic considerations, and the United States and Japan are blindly engaged in acts of confrontation and checks and balances on China's development. Will seriously endanger the security and peace in East Asia, and ultimately bring about a tragic outcome of the damage to the interests of all parties. The rise of China inevitably has a certain impact on the international system, and the United States and Japan and other countries have shown certain inadaptability. China should clearly recognize the development trend of the US-Japan alliance and strive to resolve it: on the basis of accurate international social positioning, China should persist in using the facts of peaceful development to remove the worries of other countries that "a strong country will become a hegemonic power". And continue to deepen exchanges with the United States and Japan, build trust between China and Japan, and strive to create a favorable regional and international environment for the peaceful rise of China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D815;D820

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本文編號：1517101