本文關(guān)鍵詞： 俄羅斯 金磚國家 比較 國家形象　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：國家形象是一個(gè)國家或地區(qū)綜合實(shí)力的反映,也是衡量一國軟實(shí)力極其重要的指標(biāo)。依托信息技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,借助國際化的評價(jià)工具,運(yùn)用量化的指標(biāo)對一國國家形象進(jìn)行定量分析和比較成為國家形象研究最熱門的方法,為研究國家形象提供全新的視角。本文綜合運(yùn)用定性分析和定量分析兩種方法,以金磚國家為主要參考系,對當(dāng)代俄羅斯的國家形象進(jìn)行深入探究。 在政治形象方面,俄羅斯形象在金磚國家中排名墊底。俄羅斯在人權(quán)保護(hù)、軍事安全等各個(gè)方面獲得的評價(jià)非常低,其在政治方面不能帶來信任,通常引起其它國家的不安。俄羅斯從偏安一隅的基輔公國,通過血腥的武裝侵略等強(qiáng)力方式,成為橫跨歐亞大陸的大國,特別是俄羅斯沙皇時(shí)期、蘇聯(lián)時(shí)期的強(qiáng)權(quán)和侵略。而當(dāng)代政府強(qiáng)硬的內(nèi)外政策,如在烏克蘭問題上的強(qiáng)硬,使得俄羅斯在歷史上和現(xiàn)實(shí)上都給他國人民留下深刻的恐懼印記。 在經(jīng)濟(jì)形象方面,一方面,俄羅斯作為能源大國屹立于世界強(qiáng)國之林,依靠能源俄羅斯經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展強(qiáng)大起來,但其把能源作為“武器”的能源政策常受西方各國詬病。另一方面,俄羅斯缺少民族性的知名商業(yè)品牌,且知名品牌基本屬于壟斷性企業(yè),而這些企業(yè)經(jīng)常與貪污等負(fù)面新聞聯(lián)系在一起。與政治和文化形象相比,俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟(jì)形象并不突出。 在文化形象方面,俄羅斯的形象非常正面。俄羅斯的藝術(shù)、戲劇、建筑、科技、教育、文學(xué)等方面在世界上享有巨大的聲譽(yù),在文化的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域擁有眾多享譽(yù)海內(nèi)外的大師,足以傲視世界。依托深厚的文化底蘊(yùn)和眾多杰出人士,俄羅斯在金磚國家乃至世界各國中表現(xiàn)異常顯眼,良好的文化形象與其政治形象形成了強(qiáng)烈的反差。 政治形象在一國國家形象中起關(guān)鍵作用,俄羅斯整體形象相對負(fù)面。俄羅斯注意到了國家形象在國際交往等方面的巨大作用,開始采取措施建設(shè)正面的國家形象。俄羅斯設(shè)立了不同層次的負(fù)責(zé)推廣俄羅斯國家形象的機(jī)構(gòu),綜合利用大眾傳媒、公共外交和文化推廣三方面塑造積極正面的俄羅斯國家形象。但是,由于各種原因,俄羅斯正面國家形象的建設(shè)收效不大。 總體而言,各國國民對俄羅斯的消極評價(jià)多于積極評價(jià)。俄羅斯歷史是造成消極形象的主要原因,當(dāng)代俄羅斯強(qiáng)硬的國內(nèi)外政策、國家對國家形象建設(shè)的投入不足、公民對國家形象建設(shè)的消極等是次要原因。俄羅斯已經(jīng)意識到了國家形象的問題,并采取措施加強(qiáng)正面國家形象的建設(shè),但離建立成積極正面的國家形象依然有很長的道路。
[Abstract]:National image is the reflection of a country's or a region's comprehensive strength, it is also an extremely important index to measure a country's soft power. Relying on the rapid development of information technology, the evaluation tool of internationalization is used. Quantitative analysis and comparison of a country's national image with quantitative indicators has become the most popular method in the study of national image. In order to provide a new perspective for the study of national image, this paper comprehensively uses qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, taking the BRICS as the main reference system, to explore the national image of contemporary Russia in depth. In terms of political image, Russia ranks the bottom among the BRICS countries. Russia has received very low ratings on human rights protection, military security and so on, and it cannot bring trust in politics. Often causing unease in other countries, Russia became a great power across Eurasia, especially during the czarist period of Russia, from the partial principality of Kiev to brute force, such as bloody armed aggression. Soviet power and aggression. And the tough internal and external policies of contemporary governments, such as on Ukraine, have left a deep mark of fear on the peoples of other countries, both historically and realistically. In terms of economic image, on the one hand, Russia, as a large energy country, stands tall in the forest of the world power, and relies on energy to develop Russia's economy rapidly. On the other hand, Russia lacks the well-known commercial brand of nationality, and the well-known brand basically belongs to the monopoly enterprise. These companies are often associated with negative news such as corruption. Russia's economic image does not stand out compared with political and cultural images. In terms of cultural image, Russia's image is very positive. Russia's art, drama, architecture, science and technology, education, literature and other aspects of the world enjoy a great reputation. There are many famous masters at home and abroad in all fields of culture, enough to be proud of the world. Relying on the profound cultural heritage and many outstanding people, Russia in the BRICS countries and even the rest of the world performance is very conspicuous. Good cultural image and its political image formed a strong contrast. The political image plays a key role in the national image of a country, and the overall image of Russia is relatively negative. Russia has paid attention to the great role of the national image in international communication. Start to take measures to build a positive national image. Russia has set up different levels of agencies responsible for promoting the image of the Russian state, comprehensive use of mass media. The three aspects of public diplomacy and cultural promotion are to create positive and positive Russian national image, but for various reasons, the construction of Russian positive national image has little effect. In general, Russian history is the main cause of the negative image, and contemporary Russia has strong domestic and foreign policies. The second reason is that the national image is not invested enough and citizens are negative to the national image construction. Russia has realized the problem of national image and taken measures to strengthen the construction of positive national image. But there is still a long way to go to build a positive national image.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D851.2

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本文編號：1481188