美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)中的中國(guó)人權(quán)提案研究(1993-2013)
本文關(guān)鍵詞: 中國(guó)人權(quán)提案 美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì) 最惠國(guó)待遇 保守主義 出處:《華東師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:國(guó)會(huì)是美國(guó)三權(quán)分立體制的重要一環(huán),雖然美國(guó)對(duì)華政策主要由政府制定,但是回顧中美關(guān)系的歷史可以發(fā)現(xiàn),通過(guò)立法、監(jiān)督等直接或間接的方式,國(guó)會(huì)在中美的政治、文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)交往中早已成為不可忽視的行為體。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái),國(guó)會(huì)在中美關(guān)系中的重要性越來(lái)越凸顯,在對(duì)華政策上的影響越來(lái)越深入。 美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)的對(duì)華態(tài)度,既有理想主義傳統(tǒng)的影響,也有現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的考慮。本文通過(guò)對(duì)克林頓政府以來(lái)的中國(guó)人權(quán)提案的梳理,結(jié)合內(nèi)容詳實(shí)的國(guó)會(huì)調(diào)查報(bào)告、國(guó)會(huì)記錄、國(guó)會(huì)聽證會(huì)和中美交往中的典型案例,總結(jié)三任總統(tǒng)任期內(nèi)國(guó)會(huì)在涉華人權(quán)議題上的關(guān)注焦點(diǎn),歸納總結(jié)國(guó)會(huì)在對(duì)華人權(quán)政策施加影響的幾種方式,進(jìn)而討論美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員關(guān)注中國(guó)人權(quán)議題的動(dòng)因,最后得出結(jié)論與啟示。 中美兩國(guó)作為最大的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、國(guó)情和文化不盡相同,對(duì)于人權(quán)有著定義上的差別?墒,冷戰(zhàn)以來(lái),美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)在中美關(guān)系的交往中往往扮演消極角色,將人權(quán)附加在經(jīng)濟(jì)或其他議題上而不結(jié)合中國(guó)具體國(guó)情進(jìn)行的批評(píng),不僅損害兩國(guó)之間正常的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和政治交往,也損害兩國(guó)人民的感情。為了減少美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)的消極影響,未來(lái)中國(guó)需要有針對(duì)性的開展對(duì)美公共外交,加強(qiáng)與國(guó)會(huì)的各層次交往,繼續(xù)在中美共同關(guān)切的共同問(wèn)題上進(jìn)行廣泛深入的合作。
[Abstract]:Congress is an important part of the system of separation of powers in the United States. Although the United States' China policy is mainly formulated by the government, looking back at the history of Sino-US relations, we can find that through legislation, supervision and other direct or indirect means. Congress has long been an important actor in Sino-US political, cultural and economic exchanges. Since the end of the Cold War, the importance of Congress in Sino-US relations has become increasingly prominent. The influence on China policy is getting deeper and deeper. The attitude of the United States Congress to China has both the influence of idealism tradition and the realistic consideration. This paper combs the Chinese human rights proposal since the Clinton administration and combines the detailed congressional investigation report. Congressional records, Congressional hearings and typical cases of Sino-US exchanges, summing up the focus of attention of Congress on human rights issues concerning China during the three presidential terms, and summarizing several ways in which Congress exerts influence on human rights policy in China. Finally, the author discusses the motivation of American congressmen to pay attention to China's human rights issues, and finally draws conclusions and enlightenments. China and the United States, as the largest developed and developing countries, differ in their economic development, national conditions and culture, and have different definitions of human rights. The US Congress often plays a negative role in the exchanges between China and the United States. Adding human rights to economic or other issues without taking into account the specific conditions of China will not only harm the normal economy between the two countries. Social and political exchanges also hurt the feelings of the people of the two countries. In order to reduce the negative impact of the US Congress, China needs to carry out targeted public diplomacy to the United States and strengthen exchanges with the Congress at all levels in the future. Continue to carry out extensive and in-depth cooperation on common issues of common concern to China and the United States.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號(hào)】:D871.2;D822.3
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