本文關(guān)鍵詞： 新時期 中國 海洋外交 困境 戰(zhàn)略　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代意義上的外交源自于西方,它伴隨著主權(quán)國家體制的建立而成為國與國之間交流的必要手段,并在全球化時代成為各國處理對外關(guān)系的“最理想和最文明”的手段。21世紀是全球化高速發(fā)展的世紀,也是海洋的世紀,暢通無阻的海洋航運是促進全球化高速發(fā)展的重要原因,因此,全球化在本質(zhì)上是海洋性的。海洋外交是當代世界總體外交的重要組成部分,它是全球化時代海洋與外交“聯(lián)姻”的產(chǎn)物,它的產(chǎn)生和運作符合傳統(tǒng)外交的一般規(guī)律,并且與傳統(tǒng)的職業(yè)外交相比,海洋外交具有海洋性、外交主體多元化、手段多樣化和目的明確的特殊屬性。從實踐的角度來看,從20世紀上半葉聯(lián)合國三次海洋法會議開始,國際社會就已經(jīng)有了海洋外交活動的實踐,1994年11月,《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》正式生效后,各締約國對海洋的重視程度越來越深,圍繞島嶼主權(quán)歸屬、海域劃界爭端以及海洋資源爭奪等各種傳統(tǒng)安全威脅不斷增多的同時,能源、經(jīng)濟、科技、生態(tài)等領(lǐng)域的非傳統(tǒng)海上安全威脅不斷出現(xiàn)。海洋是一個流動性的整體,海洋問題具有流動性和擴散性,這就決定了海洋問題很難依靠一個國家或一支海上力量單獨完成,海洋問題成為近些年國際社會上的熱點問題,從而導(dǎo)致在國際實踐活動中,圍繞諸多海洋問題而進行的交涉、談判、磋商等外交對話、合作與斗爭也持續(xù)增多,海洋成為各國對話的平臺,海洋外交成為一種區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)政治外交的新興的功能性外交。近些年來,隨著我國的迅速崛起以及資源、環(huán)境、人口的壓力使得我國將經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的目光投向海洋,海洋開發(fā)日益受到我國的關(guān)注,以前被擱置的海洋問題被重新提起。我國是典型的陸海復(fù)合型大國,從地緣政治層面考慮我國的海權(quán)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,我國具有陸、海雙重易受傷害的安全困擾;從現(xiàn)實層面考慮,我國由海上軍事力量、海洋經(jīng)濟以及海洋科技等力量組成的國家綜合海洋實力較其他海洋強國較為薄弱;從歷史文化和歷史傳統(tǒng)層面考慮,我國長期受“黃土文明”的傳統(tǒng)歷史影響,外交思想上重路輕海,國民海洋意識淡薄,海洋開發(fā)和利用程度落后于其他發(fā)達國家;在國際上,美國實施重返亞太戰(zhàn)略以及美、日、印等國對這些海洋問題的介入和干擾都導(dǎo)致以我國周邊為重點的海域形成了日趨激烈的海洋競爭態(tài)勢。海洋外交作為和平解決國際爭端、理性開發(fā)利用資源的一條低成本途徑,應(yīng)當成為我國對外戰(zhàn)略的首選。它以充分的國際合作為導(dǎo)向,在雙邊和多邊框架下進行談判協(xié)商、交流與合作,既有利于培養(yǎng)政治互信,相互尊重海洋權(quán)益,化解各種政治和安全爭端,提升海洋合作;也可以“先易后難”,用中外在非傳統(tǒng)安全領(lǐng)域的互利共贏合作增進政治互信,從而帶動傳統(tǒng)海上安全問題的解決。文章從外交學(xué)原理的視角下審視和研究新時期我國海洋外交戰(zhàn)略的主要內(nèi)容、面臨的主要困境以及解決這些困境的新思路,通過對理論困境、司法困境、國家主權(quán)困境以及合作發(fā)展困境的闡釋和剖析,分別從這些方面所存在的問題和缺陷入手提出相應(yīng)的解決對策,使我國形成一個全方位的海洋外交戰(zhàn)略體系,從而達到維護我國海洋權(quán)益,提升我國整體外交實力和國際影響力的目的。文章共分為四個部分來闡述新時期中國的海洋外交戰(zhàn)略。第一部分主要論述海洋外交以及中國海洋外交戰(zhàn)略的進展,這一部分共分為兩節(jié),第一節(jié)首先分析海洋外交的基本概念,其次是分析海洋外交的特征,最后分析了海洋外交戰(zhàn)略的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展,第二節(jié)主要論述了中國海洋外交戰(zhàn)略的提出與發(fā)展歷程。第二本部分論述了新時期中國海洋外交戰(zhàn)略的主要內(nèi)容,主要從海洋司法外交、海上政治合作外交、海洋軍事合作外交、涉海民間外交以及海洋經(jīng)貿(mào)外交這五個方面分別加以論述。第三部分分析了新時期我國海洋外交戰(zhàn)略面臨的主要困境,分別是觀念困境、法制困境、海洋主權(quán)維權(quán)困境及經(jīng)貿(mào)合作發(fā)展困境。第四部分將針對第三部分中的困境,分別提出了相應(yīng)的解決措施,即建構(gòu)和平發(fā)展的海洋外交新思路、構(gòu)建和完善海洋司法體系、提升海洋主權(quán)維權(quán)能力、推動“海上絲綢之路”戰(zhàn)略,加強國際海洋合作戰(zhàn)略布置。最后是結(jié)語,對文章的相關(guān)問題進行了總結(jié)性的描述。
[Abstract]:The modern sense of diplomacy originated in the west, it is accompanied by the establishment of a sovereign state system and become a necessary means of communication between countries, and in the era of globalization has become a foreign relations "the most ideal and civilization" means.21 century is the rapid development of globalization of the century is the century of the ocean, the ocean smoothly shipping is an important reason to promote the rapid development of globalization, therefore, globalization is the ocean in nature. Marine diplomacy is an important part of the contemporary world's overall diplomacy, it is the era of globalization and marine diplomacy "1008" product, its production and operation in accordance with general rules of traditional diplomacy, and compared with the traditional occupation ocean marine diplomacy with diplomacy, diplomacy, diversification, diversification of methods and special attributes of purpose. From the practical point of view, from the first half of twentieth Century To the United Nations Conference on the law of the sea three, the international community has been practiced, marine diplomacy in November 1994, "the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea" took effect, the parties more emphasis on the more deep, around the island sovereignty dispute, maritime delimitation and marine resources for a variety of traditional security threats at the same time increasing, energy, economy, technology, ecology and other fields of non traditional maritime security threats continue to emerge. The ocean is a flow of whole marine issues with mobility and diffusion, which determines the ocean is difficult to rely on a country or a sea power alone, ocean issues the international community has become a hot issue in recent years, resulting in the international practice, and many problems around the ocean negotiations, negotiations, consultations and diplomatic dialogue, cooperation and struggle will continue to increase, The sea has become a platform for dialogue, marine diplomacy has become a different from the traditional political diplomacy new functional diplomacy. In recent years, with China's rapid development and resources, environment, population pressure makes our country economic development will be the sights on the ocean, the ocean development has been our concern, the ocean before the problem was shelved again. China is a typical country Lu Hai compound, consider China's sea power development strategy from the geopolitical level, China has a land, sea is vulnerable to the security problems of double damage; considering from the reality of our country from the sea level, military power, marine economy and marine science and technology and other forces. The comprehensive national strength than other ocean marine power is relatively weak; from the historical cultural and historical tradition, the long-standing Chinese traditional history of loess civilization ", the diplomatic thought of heavy road light The sea, national ocean consciousness, marine development and utilization lags behind other developed countries; in the world, the United States to return to Asia Pacific strategy and beauty, intervention and interference on these ocean issues have led to India and other countries around China as the focus of the waters formed increasingly fierce competition in the trend of ocean Ocean. Diplomacy is the peaceful settlement of international disputes, rational development and utilization of resources of a low cost way, should become China's foreign strategic choice. It fully with international cooperation as a guide, negotiate in bilateral and multilateral framework, exchanges and cooperation, is conducive to the cultivation of political mutual trust and mutual respect of maritime rights and interests, resolve various the political and security issues, to enhance maritime cooperation; can also be "easy first, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation with China in the field of non-traditional security to enhance mutual political trust, which led to the traditional maritime security question To solve the problem. The main content of the article from the principle of diplomacy from the perspective of examine and study the new period of China's maritime diplomacy strategy, main difficulties and new ideas to solve these difficulties, based on the theory of judicial sovereignty dilemma, dilemma, Dilemma and cooperation in the development of the plight of interpretation and analysis, respectively, from these aspects the problems and defects of put forward the corresponding countermeasures, make our country to form a comprehensive maritime diplomacy strategy system, so as to safeguard China's maritime rights and interests, to enhance China's overall diplomatic strength and international influence. The purpose of this article is divided into four parts to explain the new period China marine diplomacy strategy. Discusses some of the major maritime diplomacy and the progress of Chinese maritime diplomacy strategy, this part is divided into two sections, the first section first analyzes the basic concepts of marine diplomacy, followed by Xi Haiyang Foreign characteristics, finally analyzes the emergence and development of marine diplomacy strategy, the second section mainly discusses the development process and put forward Chinese marine diplomacy strategy. The second part discusses the main contents of Chinese marine diplomatic strategy in the new period, mainly from marine judicial diplomacy, sea political diplomacy, military diplomacy on marine cooperation, respectively. To be related to the sea folk diplomacy and marine economic diplomacy in these five aspects. The third part analyzes the main difficulties of China's maritime diplomacy strategy in the new period, respectively is the concept of legal difficulties, difficulties, main marine rights dilemma and the development of economic and trade cooperation dilemma. The fourth part for the third part of the plight of the corresponding the measures to solve the new idea that the peaceful development of the construction of maritime diplomacy, construct and perfect the marine judicial system, to enhance maritime sovereignty rights ability, promote the Marine Silk "Road" strategy, strengthen the strategic arrangement of international ocean cooperation. Finally, the conclusion is the conclusion, and the related issues of the article are summarized.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D820

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