“趨貧習慣”:20世紀40—60年代蘇聯生活水平衡量問題
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-16 00:50
【摘要】：貧困作為一個相對范疇,與社會和歷史背景相適應,在不同國家、不同文化及不同歷史階段有自己的特點。對貧困的衡量方法包括絕對貧困、相對貧困和主觀貧困。從絕對貧困看,蘇聯居民的生活在20世紀40—60年代都處于相當低的水平,這在一定程度上是由蘇聯當時所處的外部環(huán)境決定的,國家將所有精力都集中在加速現代化進程以對抗外部威脅上,忽視了居民生活水平的改善。而從主觀認知來看,由于蘇聯的意識形態(tài)宣傳和動員計劃的推行,蘇聯民眾在"暫時困難"、"敵對環(huán)境"觀念支撐下和對最高政權充分信任的基礎上達成共識,對貧困的習慣使得民眾認為生活水平低是理所應當的。這種雙重性是蘇聯民眾意識的矛盾之一。但到20世紀60年代以后,這一情況發(fā)生改變,對蘇維埃政權、蘇聯意識形態(tài)和蘇聯社會形成了挑戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:As a relative category, poverty has its own characteristics in different countries, different cultures and different historical stages in accordance with the social and historical background. Poverty measures include absolute poverty, relative poverty and subjective poverty. From the perspective of absolute poverty, the life of Soviet residents in the 1940s and 1960s was at a fairly low level, which to some extent was determined by the external environment of the Soviet Union at that time. The state has focused all its efforts on accelerating modernization to counter external threats, ignoring improvements in living standards. From the subjective point of view, because of the implementation of the Soviet Union's ideological propaganda and mobilization plan, the Soviet people reached a consensus on the basis of the concept of "temporary difficulties", "hostile environment" and full trust in the supreme regime. The habit of poverty makes people take for granted the low standard of living. This duality is one of the contradictions of Soviet populace consciousness. But after the 1960s, the situation changed and challenged the Soviet regime, Soviet ideology and Soviet society.
【作者單位】： 俄羅斯科學院俄羅斯歷史研究所;吉林大學東北亞研究院;
【分類號】：K512.5
[Abstract]:As a relative category, poverty has its own characteristics in different countries, different cultures and different historical stages in accordance with the social and historical background. Poverty measures include absolute poverty, relative poverty and subjective poverty. From the perspective of absolute poverty, the life of Soviet residents in the 1940s and 1960s was at a fairly low level, which to some extent was determined by the external environment of the Soviet Union at that time. The state has focused all its efforts on accelerating modernization to counter external threats, ignoring improvements in living standards. From the subjective point of view, because of the implementation of the Soviet Union's ideological propaganda and mobilization plan, the Soviet people reached a consensus on the basis of the concept of "temporary difficulties", "hostile environment" and full trust in the supreme regime. The habit of poverty makes people take for granted the low standard of living. This duality is one of the contradictions of Soviet populace consciousness. But after the 1960s, the situation changed and challenged the Soviet regime, Soviet ideology and Soviet society.
【作者單位】： 俄羅斯科學院俄羅斯歷史研究所;吉林大學東北亞研究院;
【分類號】：K512.5
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