本文選題：蘇聯(lián) + 村社�。� 參考：《世界歷史》2016年06期

【摘要】：公益捐是俄國村社為滿足自身的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、文化等方面的公共需求而自主募集的資金。它是俄國村社自古以來的傳統(tǒng),也是村社財權(quán)最穩(wěn)定、最可靠的保障。1928年初"糧食收購危機(jī)"爆發(fā)后,在斯大林"貢稅論"的引導(dǎo)下,為給國家工業(yè)化建設(shè)提供資金,蘇聯(lián)政府采取將村社公益捐收歸國有的政策,并借此迫使農(nóng)民向國家售糧。盡管這一政策遭到廣大農(nóng)民的激烈抵抗,但在國家機(jī)器強(qiáng)力干預(yù)下,公益捐被迫變成地方稅,最終導(dǎo)致村社財權(quán)喪失。其結(jié)果是,動搖了村社自治的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ),削弱了村社的公共服務(wù)功能,增強(qiáng)了村蘇維埃的行政管理能力,加強(qiáng)了蘇聯(lián)政府對農(nóng)村基層的管控,有利于農(nóng)業(yè)全盤集體化的推行。
[Abstract]:Public donation is a kind of money raised by Russian village community to meet its own economic, social, cultural and other public needs. It is the tradition of the Russian village community since ancient times, and it is also the most stable and reliable guarantee of the village community's financial power. After the outbreak of the "grain purchase crisis" at the beginning of 1928, under the guidance of Stalin's "tributary tax theory," it provided funds for the country's industrial construction. The Soviet government adopted a policy of nationalizing village community public donations, forcing farmers to sell grain to the state. Although the policy was strongly resisted by the peasants, public donations were forced to become local taxes under the strong intervention of the state machinery, which eventually led to the loss of the property rights of the village community. The result is that it shakes the economic foundation of village community autonomy, weakens the public service function of village community, strengthens the administrative ability of village Soviet, strengthens the control of the Soviet government to the rural grassroots, and is conducive to the implementation of the collectivization of agriculture as a whole.
【作者單位】： 陜西師范大學(xué)歷史文化學(xué)院;
【基金】：第54批中國博士后科學(xué)基金面上資助項目(一等資助)《蘇聯(lián)村社的復(fù)興與消亡歷史研究(1917-1930)》(立項號:2013M540192)的階段性成果
【分類號】：K512.5
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本文編號：1963270