【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)發(fā)展,城市高齡老人的物質(zhì)生活水平得到了很大程度的提升,但受生活環(huán)境、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)及社會(huì)觀念的影響,城市高齡老人的精神文化生活水平卻沒有得到相應(yīng)的改善。全國(guó)老齡工作委員會(huì)辦公室指出,預(yù)計(jì)到2020年中國(guó)將進(jìn)入重度老齡化時(shí)期,60歲以上老年人口將達(dá)到2.48億,其中80歲及以上高齡老人達(dá)到3067萬人,占老年人口的12.37%。高齡老人與其他年齡段老人相比,身體各項(xiàng)機(jī)能更加退化,表現(xiàn)為行動(dòng)遲緩、語(yǔ)言能力退化等,不僅使得生活照料難度增加,而且加劇了情感交流的困難�，F(xiàn)階段,政府和社會(huì)主要關(guān)注高齡老人養(yǎng)老問題的硬件方面,如住房設(shè)施、生活物資、醫(yī)療設(shè)施等,對(duì)軟件方面的精神養(yǎng)老重視不夠。這導(dǎo)致高齡老人因精神需求未得到合理滿足而產(chǎn)生問題的案例屢見不鮮。如何發(fā)揮社會(huì)工作在城市高齡老人精神養(yǎng)老中的作用,緩解高齡老人的精神狀態(tài),提升精神養(yǎng)老服務(wù)質(zhì)量,滿足高齡老人的精神需求,已成為當(dāng)前亟需解決的問題之一。本文通過調(diào)查問卷、訪談等方法,以吉安市青原區(qū)城區(qū)為例,對(duì)城市高齡老人精神養(yǎng)老現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了調(diào)查與分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)老人們精神養(yǎng)老問題,主要集中在人格尊重、成就安心、情感慰藉和社交娛樂4個(gè)層面。筆者分析了老人在精神養(yǎng)老中的問題及其產(chǎn)生根源,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)城市高齡老人精神養(yǎng)老的需求進(jìn)行預(yù)估。以此為指導(dǎo),分別選取了6位老人開展了小組工作,同時(shí)針對(duì)1位老人進(jìn)行了個(gè)案工作。筆者制訂了工作計(jì)劃,運(yùn)用馬斯洛需求理論和優(yōu)勢(shì)視角理論,從老人的優(yōu)勢(shì)出發(fā),不斷鼓勵(lì)老人,努力幫助老人實(shí)現(xiàn)老有所為、老有所樂。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),城市高齡老人的精神養(yǎng)老狀況堪憂,亟待解決。而社會(huì)工作的介入,不僅有助于改善城市高齡老人精神養(yǎng)老的現(xiàn)狀,還為社會(huì)工作的本土化實(shí)踐提供了理論指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, the material living standard of the old people in the city has been greatly improved, but it is influenced by the living environment, family structure and social concept. However, the spiritual and cultural living standards of the elderly in the city have not been improved accordingly. China is expected to enter a period of severe aging by 2020, with 248 million people aged over 60, of whom 30.67 million are aged 80 and older, accounting for 12.37 percent of the population, the office of the National working Committee on ageing said. Compared with the old people of other ages, the body functions of the elderly are more degraded, such as slow movement, language ability degradation, which not only makes life care more difficult, but also exacerbates the difficulty of emotional communication. At present, the government and society mainly pay attention to the hardware aspects of the old-age problem of the elderly, such as housing facilities, living materials, medical facilities, etc. This leads to the elderly people's mental needs are not properly satisfied and the case is common. How to play the role of social work in the urban elderly spiritual old-age care, ease the mental state of the elderly, improve the quality of mental old-age services, meet the spiritual needs of the elderly, has become one of the problems that need to be solved. Through questionnaire, interview and other methods, taking Qingyuan District of Ji'an City as an example, this paper investigates and analyzes the present situation of the aged people's mental endowment in the city. It is found that the problems of the elderly's mental old-age support are mainly focused on the respect of personality and the achievement of peace of mind. Emotional comfort and social entertainment four levels. The author analyzes the problems of the elderly in the mental old-age care and their causes, and on this basis, estimates the needs of the elderly in the city. Under this guidance, 6 elderly people were selected to carry out group work and 1 case work was carried out at the same time. The author has drawn up the work plan, using Maslow's demand theory and advantage angle of view theory, from the old person's superiority, unceasingly encourages the old person, diligently helps the old person to realize the sense of security, the old has the pleasure. This study found that the mental state of the elderly in the city is worrisome and urgent to be solved. The intervention of social work not only helps to improve the present situation of the elderly in the city, but also provides theoretical guidance for the localization of social work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：井岡山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：C916;C913.6

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