發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-09 16:49

【摘要】：長(zhǎng)久以來(lái),由于男女兩性的差異,在所謂的女性特質(zhì)的影響下,女性變得更為柔弱,行動(dòng)更為遲緩,行為更加猶疑,談吐缺乏自信。同時(shí)女性特質(zhì)將令人窒息的繁文縟節(jié),束縛女性,使女性不能在工作中充分施展抱負(fù),不能與男性展開(kāi)正常競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。但隨著19世紀(jì)末期,婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)形成的浪潮,這種不均勢(shì)被打破,女性開(kāi)始要求生命全歷程平等。到了20世紀(jì)60年代,女性主義的學(xué)術(shù)研究開(kāi)始興起,并進(jìn)而要求男性輔助女性擺脫蒙昧和壓制,走向等位同格。 進(jìn)入21世紀(jì),女性主義的社會(huì)思潮開(kāi)始形成世界范圍內(nèi)的合力,而女性主義體系自身也得到進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng),但遺憾的是對(duì)自然科學(xué)的審視這一女性主義的重要課題卻沒(méi)能引起足夠的重視。自然科學(xué)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的男性主義仍然占據(jù)著極為重要的地位。一些女性主義流派的出現(xiàn),在試圖解決這一問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的研究,并且取得了一定的成效,但仍非常有限。 回顧諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)路,雖然沒(méi)有中國(guó)國(guó)籍的男科學(xué)家?jiàn)Z獎(jiǎng),但華裔男科學(xué)家卻是榜上有名。與此同時(shí),可以發(fā)現(xiàn)獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的華裔女性人數(shù)卻為零。是華裔女性的智商與能力不夠嗎?(吳健雄憑著敏銳的洞察力,以精湛的技術(shù)做出實(shí)驗(yàn),率先打破了被物理學(xué)界奉為金科玉律的“宇稱守恒定律”,證明了“在弱相互作用下宇稱不守恒”——著名的“李、楊假設(shè)”。這一偉大的實(shí)驗(yàn)不僅使理論的提出者李政道、揚(yáng)振寧榮獲了當(dāng)年諾貝爾獎(jiǎng),而且震撼了整個(gè)物理學(xué)界,也震撼了科學(xué)界。遺憾的是吳健雄未能一同獲獎(jiǎng)。)還是大多數(shù)具有才能的女性放棄了研究科研項(xiàng)目的可能性呢；是主觀原因還是客觀原因呢；是國(guó)家社會(huì)習(xí)俗的原因;教育制度的原因；“馬太效應(yīng)”；是自我的創(chuàng)新能力不夠;興趣受到打壓；學(xué)校或?qū)煂?duì)于女性學(xué)生的接受度不高；家庭因素；亦或是否定了自身所具有的潛力；又或者是社會(huì)輿論導(dǎo)向的作用。 本文通過(guò)分析默頓的科學(xué)社會(huì)學(xué)分層與科學(xué)共同體與成功女性科學(xué)家之間的關(guān)系,對(duì)比成功科學(xué)家與成功女性科學(xué)家的成功因素,找出成功女性科學(xué)家的成功范式。深入挖掘阻礙中國(guó)女性科學(xué)家發(fā)展的因素,客觀因素與主觀因素,發(fā)現(xiàn)其與成功女性科學(xué)家成功范式的不符之處,進(jìn)而提出建立適用于中國(guó)女性科學(xué)家的科學(xué)范式。女性不屬于任何一個(gè)弱勢(shì)群體,她們占據(jù)了世界上一半的人口數(shù)量,但她們是否處于弱勢(shì)并不取決于存在數(shù)目的多少,而是男權(quán)制度控制下的無(wú)奈之舉。所以提高女性地位,必須改變制度,也就是一種范式。
[Abstract]:For a long time, due to gender differences, women have become weaker, slower, more hesitant and less confident in conversation under the influence of so-called femininity. At the same time, female characteristics will stifle red tape, constraining women, so that women can not fully exercise their aspirations in the work, can not compete with men. However, with the tide of women's liberation movement in the late 19th century, the imbalance was broken, and women began to demand equality in the whole life course. In the 1960s, the academic research of feminism began to rise, and then the male assistant women were required to get rid of ignorance and oppression and to be equal to each other. In the 21st century, the social trend of feminism began to form a worldwide resultant force, and the feminist system itself was further strengthened. Unfortunately, the review of natural science, an important subject of feminism, did not attract enough attention. Masculinism in the field of natural science still occupies an extremely important position. The emergence of some feminist schools, on the basis of trying to solve this problem, has carried on the corresponding research, and has obtained certain results, but still very limited. Looking back at the Nobel Prize, although male scientists without Chinese nationality won the prize, Chinese male scientists were on the list. At the same time, it can be found that the number of Chinese women who won the Nobel Prize is zero. Is the intelligence quotient and ability of Chinese women not enough? (C.S. Wu, with his keen insight and skillful technique, made experiments, first breaking the "law of conservation of parity", which is regarded as the golden law of physics, and proving that "parity is not conserved under weak interaction"-the famous "Li," Yang hypothesis. This great experiment not only won the Nobel Prize by T.D.Lee and Yang Zhenning, but also shocked the whole physics world and the scientific community. Unfortunately, C.S. Wu failed to win the prize together. Or did most talented women give up the possibility of scientific research projects, subjective or objective reasons, national social customs, educational system, "Matthew effect"; It is the lack of self-innovation ability; the suppression of interest; the low acceptance of female students in schools or mentors; the family factors; or the negation of their own potential; or the role of public opinion guidance. By analyzing the relationship between Merton's stratification of sociology of science and scientific community and successful female scientists, this paper compares the successful factors between successful scientists and successful female scientists, and finds out the successful paradigm of successful female scientists. This paper explores the factors that hinder the development of Chinese female scientists, objective factors and subjective factors, and finds out the inconsistency between them and the successful paradigm of successful female scientists, and then puts forward a scientific paradigm suitable for Chinese female scientists. Women do not belong to any vulnerable group, they make up half of the world's population, but whether they are disadvantaged or not depends not on the number of existence, but on the helpless actions under the control of the patriarchal system. Therefore, to improve the status of women, we must change the system, that is, a paradigm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：C913.68

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