本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國女性發(fā)展的哲學(xué)反思　出處：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 馬克思主義婦女觀 女性發(fā)展 社會性別 社會分工

【摘要】：本文以馬克思主義的婦女觀為理論指導(dǎo)，結(jié)合中國的特殊國情，探究女性發(fā)展中的突出問題，為女性進一步發(fā)展做應(yīng)有的努力。 社會進入一個嶄新的時代，著力研究女性的發(fā)展問題成為擺在人類社會面前的一項重大的課題。自改革開放以來，市場經(jīng)濟使原有的社會生活發(fā)生重大的變化，使女性問題更加突出，并發(fā)生了新的變化，具體表現(xiàn)為：女性在受教育方面能否享受到平等的權(quán)利問題、女性在擇業(yè)、就業(yè)范圍內(nèi)能否平等合理的獲得工作的機會問題、女性在參與政治生活中所面臨的“被邊緣化”問題。 女性的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生上述問題的原因是來自多方面的，不是僅僅從一個方面和層次就可以闡釋清楚的，具體表現(xiàn)為：第一，女性被壓迫是生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的階段性產(chǎn)物，人不但具有自然的屬性，而且還具有社會的屬性，人不能脫離社會這個大環(huán)境而存在。女性被壓迫現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生并不是從古代社會就存在著的，而是與生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展相關(guān)。早期的生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展需要勞動者付出較多的體力，而女性在體力上的先天弱勢，導(dǎo)致女性無法在生產(chǎn)中發(fā)揮主角的作用；生產(chǎn)力繼續(xù)向前高速發(fā)展，打破了以體力占優(yōu)的模式，這對女性來說是有利的，因為這使得女性的地位得到了大范圍的提升。這也就是說，生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的程度決定了女性地位的高低。第二，女性的發(fā)展受制于性別分工。這種分工主要規(guī)定了男性和女性的生產(chǎn)、生活范圍，男性可以在廣闊的天地間任意發(fā)揮自己的作用，而女性則被局限于家庭這塊四方的小環(huán)境中自怨自艾。這就剝奪了女性接觸社會的機會，使得她們成為一個只有機體的“木頭人”。第三，父權(quán)文化給女性帶來的毒害。二千年來女子深受儒教的制約，不僅“蔽聰塞明”，，而且還要尊男人為天，維護男性家長在社會和家庭中的主宰地位，使得女性根本沒有發(fā)展可言。 在中國改革開放的推動下，在“百花齊放，百家爭鳴”的民主氣氛下，我國開始對女性的發(fā)展歷程進行研究和反思，體現(xiàn)在兩方面：第一，中國女性發(fā)展所存在的理論誤區(qū)。聞名于全球的女作家西蒙娜·德·波伏娃提出了一個著名的觀點就是，女性是“第二性”的，是“他者”。因為女性對自我的定義不是從本身所具有的特征出發(fā)，而是以男性的各項標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量自己，使得女性長期處于客體的地位。另外，由于社會性別分工依然殘存在人們的觀念中，并起著主導(dǎo)作用，這種習(xí)慣性的定型思想將會阻礙女性向前快速發(fā)展。第二，女性自身的因素。在研究與反思的過程中，認(rèn)識到女性對社會發(fā)展的貢獻是巨大的，但是從女性的身心特征來看，女性始終要受到“物種”的控制，主要體現(xiàn)在女性的生育這個特殊的方面；從女性所具有的素質(zhì)來看，女性相較于男性缺失對整個社會的控制能力等，這些都為女性的從屬地位提供了可能性的條件。 通過對女性發(fā)展問題的根源分析，結(jié)合我國的具體國情，提出使女性走出發(fā)展困境的途徑。第一，完善制度實施保障，優(yōu)越的社會制度是女性生存的根本保障。構(gòu)建具有保障性、系統(tǒng)性的婦女權(quán)益，制定具有特殊性質(zhì)的保護政策。第二，把握“男女平等”的基本國策。在教育方面使女性擁有平等而公平的教育；創(chuàng)新發(fā)展男女平等的就業(yè)新模式；實現(xiàn)婦女參與政治活動的平等性。第三，更新觀念，增強女性的主體性。以自身知識的提高帶動自我認(rèn)識感；強化女性的主體意識；構(gòu)建男女平等話語。 最后，我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到我國的社會性質(zhì)是社會主義，并且是初級階段的社會主義，其最顯著的特征就是生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展還處在低級階段，加之社會意識有其相對獨立性等社會現(xiàn)實，要滿足女性發(fā)展所需要的條件還需要經(jīng)過長期的奮斗，這項任務(wù)是任重而道遠的，需要我們不斷的站在廣大女性的角度上進行探索和研究，需要付出我們百倍的努力。
[Abstract]:Guided by the Marx's view of women, combined with the special conditions of China, this paper explores the outstanding problems in the development of women, and makes efforts for the further development of women.
The society has entered a new era, the development of problem focused on women has become a major issue in front of the human society. Since the reform and opening up, the market economy makes a great change of the social life, make women more prominent problem, and the new changes, specific performance: women can enjoy to the problem of equal rights in education, women in employment, employment range can equal reasonable chance of getting a job, women face in participation in the political life of "marginalized".
The reasons of women development is from many aspects, not only from one aspect and level can be explained clearly, specific performance: first, female oppression is the stage of the development of productive forces, who not only has natural attributes, but also has the social attribute, people can not be divorced from social the environmental. Women's oppression is not there from the ancient community, but with the development of the productive forces. Require workers to pay more of the productivity development of early physical and congenital weakness of womens physical, lead women to play a leading role in the production of productive forces continue to high speed; the development, breaking with manual priority mode, which is beneficial to women, because it makes the status of women was widespread improvement. That is to say, productivity The degree of development determines the level of advancement of women. In second, the development of women subjected to gender division. This division is the main provisions of the male and female production, life, men can play their role in any of the vast world, a small environment with pity women being confined to the family in which this Quartet. To deprive women of opportunities for social contact, make them become only a body of "wood". In third, patriarchal culture to women bypoisoning. Restricted two thousand years of women deeply Confucian, not only "not perceptive", but also respect for the men for days, the maintenance of male parents in family and society's dominance the women have no development at all.
China in promoting reform and opening up, in the "All flowers bloom together., contention of a hundred schools of thought" democratic atmosphere, China began to carry out the research and Reflections on the development history of women, reflected in two aspects: first, the theory of the misunderstanding of female Chinese development. At the world famous female writer Simone de Beauvoir put forward a famous argument is. The female is a "secondary" and "other". Because the women's self definition is not from their characteristics, but rather to male standards to measure their own, making Womens term in the object position. In addition, because of the gender division of labour still remains in people's mind, and plays a leading and this habit of stereotyped thinking will hamper rapid development of women. Second women its factors. In the process of research and reflection, the awareness to women on social development The contribution is enormous, but from the physical and mental characteristics of women, women should always be "species" control, mainly reflected in the female fertility of this special; has from the female point of view of the quality of women than men lack on the whole social control ability, provide the possibility for these conditions the subordination of women.
Through the analysis of the root causes of women's development issues, combined with China's specific national conditions, put forward the ways to enable women to get out of the dilemma. First, improve the system of safeguards, superior social system is the fundamental guarantee of the existence of women. To build a security system of women's rights protection policy, formulated with special properties. Second. To grasp the basic national policy of "gender equality". In education so that women have equal education; new mode of employment equality between men and women in innovation and development; equality of the realization of women's political participation. Third, update their concepts, enhance female subjectivity. To our knowledge driven self awareness raising; strengthen women subject consciousness; construction of discourse of equality between men and women.
Finally, we should recognize the nature of our society is socialism, and is the primary stage of socialism, the most notable feature is the development of productive forces is still in its preliminary stage, and the social consciousness has its relative independence of social reality, to meet the needs of women's development conditions also need after a long struggle, the the task is a long way to go, we need to continue to stand in the majority of women's point of view on exploration and research, we need to pay the effort.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：C913.68

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