【摘要】：社會保障與人們的生存和發(fā)展息息相關(guān)，是當(dāng)今社會運(yùn)行和發(fā)展的“安全網(wǎng)”和“穩(wěn)定器”。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革和對外開放政策的不斷深入，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)以前所未有的速度發(fā)展，社會保障也獲得全面發(fā)展，基本建立了適應(yīng)社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的社會保障制度。社會保障水平是社會保障的關(guān)鍵因素，是體現(xiàn)社會保障程度的指標(biāo)，它以量化指標(biāo)的形式來衡量和評價一個國家的社會保障制度自身內(nèi)部機(jī)能的運(yùn)行狀況，對于社會保障制度的建立、運(yùn)行和完善有著十分重要的作用。 目前國內(nèi)主要對社會保障水平進(jìn)行定性研究，少數(shù)對社會保障水平定量研究主要還是停留在理論上，對我國社會保障建設(shè)缺乏實(shí)踐意義。為此，本文回顧了前人在社會保障適度水平問題上的已有研究成果，在吸收和繼承一些專家和學(xué)者研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，確定了我國社會保障水平綜合評價的因子分析模型，通過聚類分析把我國各地區(qū)社會保障水平分為四大類。并根據(jù)我國社會保障水平現(xiàn)狀，對我國城鎮(zhèn)居民最低生活保障水平建立數(shù)學(xué)模型，定量研究我國城鎮(zhèn)低保制度實(shí)施過程中遇到的困難，解決了最低生活保障水平和低保戶的確定問題，對如何根據(jù)低保戶家庭情況實(shí)施分類施保提出了解決方案，通過數(shù)學(xué)建模提出了中央政府低保財(cái)政支出資金在全國各個省市科學(xué)合理分配的方法。 本文首先通過對全國30個省市社會保障水平樣本進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析，并對社會保障水平區(qū)域差異產(chǎn)生的原因進(jìn)行了探索；最后依據(jù)分析結(jié)果，為我國不同區(qū)域設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的社會保障發(fā)展對策：一類和二類地區(qū)人口老齡化趨勢和農(nóng)民工社會保障制度不完善等問題比較明顯，，應(yīng)提高統(tǒng)籌層次和擴(kuò)大覆蓋面，優(yōu)先建立企業(yè)年金制度；三類地區(qū)包括的是中，西部省市，主要問題是出現(xiàn)個人賬戶做實(shí)問題，因此應(yīng)該正確處理個人賬戶有關(guān)問題；三類地區(qū)包括欠發(fā)達(dá)省市，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平低，因此在建立農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障制度的基礎(chǔ)下，加大政府的財(cái)政責(zé)任。對于城鎮(zhèn)最低生活保障制度應(yīng)該采用科學(xué)可行的方法實(shí)施分類施保。在具體分析各區(qū)域的社會保障事業(yè)的發(fā)展策略后，提出了通過建立規(guī)范的社會保障轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度來縮小區(qū)域差異的策略。
[Abstract]:Social security is closely related to people's survival and development, and is the "safety net" and "stabilizer" of social operation and development. With the deepening of the reform of economic system and the policy of opening to the outside world, China's economy is developing at an unprecedented speed, and the social security system has been developed in an all-round way, and a social security system adapted to the order of the socialist market economy has basically been established. The level of social security is a key factor of social security and an indicator of the degree of social security. It measures and evaluates the internal function of a country's social security system in the form of quantitative indicators. For the establishment, operation and improvement of social security system has a very important role. At present, the qualitative research on the social security level is mainly carried out in our country, while a few quantitative studies on the social security level remain in theory, which is lack of practical significance for the construction of social security in our country. Therefore, this paper reviews the previous research achievements on the moderate level of social security. On the basis of absorbing and inheriting the research results of some experts and scholars, this paper determines the factor analysis model for the comprehensive evaluation of social security level in China. Through cluster analysis, the social security level in various regions of China is divided into four categories. According to the present situation of the social security level in China, the mathematical model of the minimum living security level of the urban residents in China is established, and the difficulties encountered in the implementation of the minimum living security system in the cities and towns in China are studied quantitatively. It solves the problem of determining the minimum living security level and the low insured household, and puts forward the solution to how to carry out the classified insurance according to the situation of the low insured family. Through mathematical modeling, a scientific and reasonable allocation method of the central government's minimum guaranteed financial expenditure funds in all provinces and cities of the country is put forward. This paper firstly analyzes the social security level samples of 30 provinces and cities in China, and explores the causes of the regional differences in the social security level; finally, based on the results of the analysis, The corresponding social security development countermeasures are designed for different regions of China: the aging trend of population and the imperfect social security system of migrant workers in one and two regions are obvious, so the overall planning level should be raised and the coverage should be expanded. Priority is given to the establishment of an enterprise annuity system; the three types of regions include the central and western provinces and cities. The main problem is the problem of individual account fulfillment, so we should deal with the relevant problems of personal accounts correctly. The three types of regions include less developed provinces and cities. The level of economic development is low, so on the basis of establishing rural old-age security system, increase the government's financial responsibility. The urban minimum living security system should adopt scientific and feasible method to carry out classified insurance. After analyzing the development strategies of social security in various regions, the paper puts forward the strategy of narrowing regional differences by establishing a standardized social security transfer payment system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F842.6;F224

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