中國國家安全視角下的公平正義問題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-01 09:38
【摘要】：多年來黨和政府為促進(jìn)公平正義作出了不懈努力并取得了重大成就,這可以從新中國成立以來的綜合國力躍升、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、民生改善及社會事業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展得到佐證。同時(shí),當(dāng)前中國在經(jīng)濟(jì)總量連年遞增,政治發(fā)展日益進(jìn)步的前提下,也存在著大量的社會不公平不正義現(xiàn)象,例如腐敗、城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展差距、貧富差距、社會保障水平落后等一系列問題,這嚴(yán)重影響到了我國的整體發(fā)展水平,使得當(dāng)前中國社會的不公平不正義問題日益凸顯,社會矛盾日益積壓已成為我國國家安全的首要問題,所以要有力地維護(hù)我國的國家安全,目前最為緊迫的問題是解決公平正義問題,而公平正義問題是與以人民安全為宗旨的國家安全問題密切相關(guān)的,如果不盡早集中解決這些問題,將會直接留下國家安全的隱患,給外部勢力的伺機(jī)介入提供可乘之機(jī)。解決我國的公平正義問題就有利于解決人民安全和社會安全問題,解決好了人民安全和社會安全問題就等于抓住了解決中國總體安全問題的“牛鼻子”。因此論文從辯證思維和系統(tǒng)思維出發(fā),采取系統(tǒng)平衡研究方法,抓住以人民安全為宗旨和以社會安全為重點(diǎn)的總體國家安全這個主要矛盾,建議在傳統(tǒng)和非傳統(tǒng)安全,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會政策等方面求得動態(tài)平衡,以促進(jìn)公平正義來保障國家安全。論文分為五個部分。導(dǎo)論中首先提出問題,簡略介紹了多年來中國國家安全觀的發(fā)展,公平正義事業(yè)的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)進(jìn)展,論文通過對國外的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)進(jìn)行研究,提出了在總體國家安全成為時(shí)代性大趨勢的背景下,一國國家安全的威脅主要來自于內(nèi)部而不是外部,而國家內(nèi)部的安全威脅主要是因?yàn)樯鐣牟还讲徽x而導(dǎo)致人的安全受到威脅。同時(shí),當(dāng)前中國的國家安全正處于傳統(tǒng)安全與非傳統(tǒng)安全相互交織的過渡階段,趨勢就是總體國家安全變得越來越重要。中國應(yīng)當(dāng)既要重視硬實(shí)力層面的安全,也要重視軟實(shí)力層面的安全,而軟、硬實(shí)力層面的安全宗旨是保障人的安全,人的安全程度反過來影響總體國家安全,體現(xiàn)出部分影響整體,整體大于部分之和的系統(tǒng)特征,這些都需要靠促進(jìn)公平正義的一系列手段和措施來實(shí)現(xiàn)。第一章講的是公平正義和國家安全的概念及兩者之間的相互關(guān)系。第二章講的是多年來黨和政府為促進(jìn)公平正義而作的不懈努力、取得的成就和存在的問題。第三章分析了產(chǎn)生我國公平正義問題的原因。第四章主要講促進(jìn)公平正義保障國家安全的建議。第一章論述了在國家安全視角下的公平正義問題的重要性,認(rèn)為它具有全局性和戰(zhàn)略性,應(yīng)當(dāng)從系統(tǒng)思維出發(fā),把政治學(xué)、社會學(xué)意義上的社會公正與國家安全緊密結(jié)合起來,從國家安全的戰(zhàn)略高度來審視實(shí)現(xiàn)社會公正的重要性,認(rèn)為公平正義會對國家安全造成重大影響,當(dāng)前中國只有集中精力和時(shí)間來解決公平正義問題,才可以有力地維護(hù)我國的國家安全。第二章概括介紹了我國在促進(jìn)公平正義方面所取得的成就和存在的問題。主要介紹黨和政府在促進(jìn)公平正義方面所作的努力及成就,以及我國在公平正義方面仍然存在的主要問題和對國家安全的影響。該章對于我國黨和政府多年來在促進(jìn)全社會的公平正義方面所作出的努力進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)介紹,同時(shí)也用事實(shí)說明當(dāng)前我國確實(shí)存在著大量的社會不公平不正義現(xiàn)象,如果不采取有效措施解決這些問題,勢必會威脅到我國的國家安全。第三章從三個方面對當(dāng)前我國在公平正義方面存在的問題的原因進(jìn)行了分析,共分為觀念原因、國情原因和體制原因三節(jié)。首先是觀念原因,分為哲學(xué)和法學(xué)兩個層面:(一)哲學(xué)層面:對平衡和不平衡發(fā)展的不同理解會導(dǎo)致公平正義問題。指出在哲學(xué)上對于平衡和不平衡的理解的混亂導(dǎo)致國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略一直無法做到張馳有度,認(rèn)為從哲學(xué)層面來研究和思考世界各國尤其是中國的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略得出結(jié)論是:當(dāng)前中國之所以要集中精力解決公平正義問題,恰是對前幾十年不平衡發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的一種平衡。(二)法學(xué)層面:對權(quán)力、權(quán)利和義務(wù)的不同認(rèn)識和運(yùn)作也會導(dǎo)致公平正義問題。認(rèn)為權(quán)力、權(quán)利和義務(wù)的關(guān)系的不平衡是導(dǎo)致公平正義問題的觀念根源之一,而最佳處理方式就是盡可能使三者處于一種動態(tài)平衡狀態(tài)。其次是國情原因,人口眾多,發(fā)展不平衡會產(chǎn)生公平正義問題。中國自古以來就人口眾多,而且諸多方面發(fā)展不平衡,存在著絕對性和相對性短缺兩種現(xiàn)象,而這種不平衡的矛盾就是不公平不正義問題的國情因素。因此,正視這種原因的存在才能找到解決問題的正確方式。第三是體制原因,經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治體制的不完善也會產(chǎn)生公平正義問題。這是當(dāng)前我國社會存在著大量不公平不正義問題的重要原因。無論是計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)模式還是市場經(jīng)濟(jì)本身的完善并不能徹底解決公平正義問題,因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)體制的完善程度與上層建筑的關(guān)系非常密切,不能把這兩方面孤立起來。同時(shí),當(dāng)前我國的政治體制還存在著部分權(quán)力過于集中的現(xiàn)象,這也是容易產(chǎn)生腐敗和導(dǎo)致社會不公現(xiàn)象的根本原因,因此積極推進(jìn)以政治體制改革為主的各項(xiàng)體制改革勢在必行。第四章提出了促進(jìn)公平正義保障國家安全的對策和建議:一是創(chuàng)新思想觀念,以系統(tǒng)平衡方法來認(rèn)識和處理平衡和不平衡的關(guān)系,以動態(tài)平衡的觀念來看待傳統(tǒng)和非傳統(tǒng)國家安全,并在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會政策之間求得平衡。二是以公平正義凝聚共識推進(jìn)政治體制改革,完善以保障基本民生為前提的社會保障制度。當(dāng)前中國正在加強(qiáng)國家綜合治理能力和完善國家治理體系,在此背景下,政治體制改革應(yīng)當(dāng)在促進(jìn)社會公平正義的前提下進(jìn)行,論文對政治體制改革的宗旨、方式和策略方面提出了相關(guān)建議。此外,論文還建議我國的社會保障應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮社會中下階層的利益并實(shí)施相關(guān)政策。三是正確處理公平正義問題的幾個矛盾關(guān)系。這里包括三個關(guān)系:1.效率與公平的關(guān)系。其中效率與公平的矛盾主要是由不平衡的時(shí)空條件引起,效率是一個時(shí)效性極強(qiáng)的動態(tài)概念,公平是一個跨時(shí)空的相對靜態(tài)的概念,效率與公平的區(qū)別在于特殊的經(jīng)濟(jì)效用與普遍的政治和社會效用的區(qū)別。2.絕對公平與相對公平的關(guān)系。絕對公平保障基本權(quán)利,相對公平保障相對權(quán)利,不能把相對公平與絕對公平相混淆。3.促進(jìn)公平正義與促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)系。應(yīng)將經(jīng)濟(jì)效率的特殊效用轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎魏蜕鐣钠毡樾в谩垂?此外還應(yīng)當(dāng)在政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會政策調(diào)控這只“看得見的手”和市場經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行機(jī)制這只“看不見的手”之間求得平衡。
[Abstract]:For many years, the party and the government have made unremitting efforts to promote fairness and justice and have made great achievements. This can be evidenced by the comprehensive national strength jump, economic development, the improvement of the people's livelihood and the vigorous development of social undertakings since the founding of new China. There are a large number of social unfair and injustice phenomena, such as corruption, the gap between urban and rural development, the gap between the rich and the poor, the backward social security level and so on. This has seriously affected the overall development level of our country, making the problem of unfair and injustice in the current Chinese society increasingly prominent, and the increasing backlog of social contradictions has become the national security of our country. The most important problem is to maintain the national security of our country. At present, the most urgent problem is to solve the problem of fairness and justice. The problem of fairness and justice is closely related to the national security problem, which is aimed at the security of the people. If we do not concentrate on these problems as soon as possible, it will leave the hidden danger of national security and give it to the outside. In order to solve the problem of people's security and social security, solving the problem of people's security and social security is equal to the "cattle nose" that solves the problem of China's overall security. Therefore, the thesis takes a system from dialectical thinking and systematic thinking. Balance research method, grasp the main contradiction of the overall national security with the purpose of the people's security and the social security as the focus, and propose the dynamic balance in the traditional and non-traditional security, the economic development and the social policy, so as to promote the fairness and justice to guarantee the national security. The thesis is divided into five parts. First, the introduction is put forward. The paper briefly introduces the development of China's national security concept for many years, the theory and reality of the cause of fairness and justice. By studying the experiences and lessons of foreign countries, the paper puts forward that the threat of national security is mainly from internal rather than external, and the internal security is mainly from the internal, but not in the country. At the same time, China's national security is in the transitional phase between traditional security and non-traditional security. The trend is that the overall national security is becoming more and more important. China should pay attention to both the security of the hard power level and the security of the hard power. Pay attention to the security of the soft power level, and the safety tenet of the soft and hard strength level is to guarantee the safety of the human being. The degree of human security in turn affects the overall national security. It embodies a part of the whole system, which is larger than the part of the whole. All these need to be realized by a series of measures and measures to promote fair and positive meaning. The second chapter is about the unremitting efforts made by the party and the government for the promotion of fairness and justice, the achievements and problems that have been made for many years. The third chapter analyzes the reasons for the problem of fairness and justice in our country. The fourth chapter mainly talks about the promotion of fairness and justice to safeguard national security. The first chapter discusses the importance of fairness and justice in the perspective of national security. It is considered to be of a global and strategic point of view. We should combine the political, sociological and social justice closely with the national security from a systematic thinking and examine the importance of social justice from the strategic level of national security. The second chapter introduces the achievements and problems that our country has achieved in promoting fairness and justice. The main introduction of the party and the government is to promote the promotion of our country's security. The efforts and achievements made in the field of fairness and justice, as well as the main problems still existing in our country in the field of fairness and justice and the impact on national security. This chapter systematically introduces the efforts made by the party and the government in promoting the fairness and justice of the whole society for many years, and also shows the fact that our country does exist at the same time. With a large number of social injustice and injustice, if we do not take effective measures to solve these problems, it is bound to threaten the national security of our country. The third chapter analyzes the reasons for the existing problems in our country in the field of fairness and justice from three aspects, which are divided into three aspects of the original cause, the national conditions and the system reasons. The first is the view. The reason is divided into two aspects of philosophy and Law: (1) philosophical level: the different understanding of balanced and unbalanced development leads to the problem of fairness and justice. It is pointed out that the confusion in philosophy on balance and imbalance leads to the failure of the national development strategy to achieve the degree of relaxation, and the study and thinking of the world from the philosophical level. In particular, China's development strategy draws a conclusion that the reason why China is focused on solving the problem of fairness and justice is just a balance for the unbalanced development strategy for the last few decades. (two) the legal level: the different understanding and operation of power, rights and duties will lead to the problem of fairness and justice. The imbalance of the Department is one of the root causes of the problem of fairness and justice, and the best way to deal with it is to make the three in a dynamic balance as far as possible. Secondly, the cause of the national conditions, the large population, and the unbalance of development will produce the problem of fairness and justice. There are two phenomena of the shortage of sex and relativity, and the contradiction of this imbalance is the national condition of the problem of unfair and injustice. Therefore, the correct way to solve the problem can be found in the face of the existence of this reason. Third is the institutional reason, and the imperfection of the economic and political system will also produce the problem of fairness and justice. In a large number of important reasons for unfair and injustice problems, whether the planned economy model or the market economy itself is perfect and can not completely solve the problem of fairness and justice, because the improvement of the economic system is closely related to the superstructure, and the two aspects can not be isolated. At the same time, the political system of our country still exists. The phenomenon that partial power is too concentrated is also the fundamental cause of corruption and social injustice. Therefore, it is imperative to actively promote the reform of the system based on political system reform. The fourth chapter puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the security of the state with the promotion of fairness and justice: first, to innovate the ideas and to balance the system. Methods to understand and deal with the relationship of balance and imbalance, view traditional and non-traditional national security with the concept of dynamic balance, and balance between economic development and social policy. Two is a social security system based on fair justice and consensus to promote political system reform and improve the basic livelihood of the people. In this context, the political system reform should be carried out under the premise of promoting social fairness and justice. In this context, the paper puts forward relevant suggestions on the purpose, mode and strategy of the political system reform. In addition, the paper also suggests that the social security of our country should give priority to the middle and lower society. The interests of the class and the implementation of relevant policies. Three is a few contradictory relations to correctly deal with the problem of fairness and justice. There are three relationships: 1. the relationship between efficiency and fairness. The contradiction between efficiency and fairness is mainly caused by the unbalanced space-time conditions, and efficiency is a dynamic concept with extremely strong timeliness, and fairness is a cross time relative. Static concept, the difference between efficiency and fairness lies in the difference between special economic utility and universal political and social utility.2. absolute equity and relative equity. Absolute equity guarantees basic rights, relative equity guarantees relative rights, and can not confuse.3. with relative equity and absolute fairness to promote fair justice and promote economic development. The special effect of economic efficiency should be transformed into the universal utility of politics and society - that is, equity, in addition to the balance between the government's economic and social policies to regulate this "invisible hand" and the operating mechanism of the market economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D61
本文編號：2157158
[Abstract]:For many years, the party and the government have made unremitting efforts to promote fairness and justice and have made great achievements. This can be evidenced by the comprehensive national strength jump, economic development, the improvement of the people's livelihood and the vigorous development of social undertakings since the founding of new China. There are a large number of social unfair and injustice phenomena, such as corruption, the gap between urban and rural development, the gap between the rich and the poor, the backward social security level and so on. This has seriously affected the overall development level of our country, making the problem of unfair and injustice in the current Chinese society increasingly prominent, and the increasing backlog of social contradictions has become the national security of our country. The most important problem is to maintain the national security of our country. At present, the most urgent problem is to solve the problem of fairness and justice. The problem of fairness and justice is closely related to the national security problem, which is aimed at the security of the people. If we do not concentrate on these problems as soon as possible, it will leave the hidden danger of national security and give it to the outside. In order to solve the problem of people's security and social security, solving the problem of people's security and social security is equal to the "cattle nose" that solves the problem of China's overall security. Therefore, the thesis takes a system from dialectical thinking and systematic thinking. Balance research method, grasp the main contradiction of the overall national security with the purpose of the people's security and the social security as the focus, and propose the dynamic balance in the traditional and non-traditional security, the economic development and the social policy, so as to promote the fairness and justice to guarantee the national security. The thesis is divided into five parts. First, the introduction is put forward. The paper briefly introduces the development of China's national security concept for many years, the theory and reality of the cause of fairness and justice. By studying the experiences and lessons of foreign countries, the paper puts forward that the threat of national security is mainly from internal rather than external, and the internal security is mainly from the internal, but not in the country. At the same time, China's national security is in the transitional phase between traditional security and non-traditional security. The trend is that the overall national security is becoming more and more important. China should pay attention to both the security of the hard power level and the security of the hard power. Pay attention to the security of the soft power level, and the safety tenet of the soft and hard strength level is to guarantee the safety of the human being. The degree of human security in turn affects the overall national security. It embodies a part of the whole system, which is larger than the part of the whole. All these need to be realized by a series of measures and measures to promote fair and positive meaning. The second chapter is about the unremitting efforts made by the party and the government for the promotion of fairness and justice, the achievements and problems that have been made for many years. The third chapter analyzes the reasons for the problem of fairness and justice in our country. The fourth chapter mainly talks about the promotion of fairness and justice to safeguard national security. The first chapter discusses the importance of fairness and justice in the perspective of national security. It is considered to be of a global and strategic point of view. We should combine the political, sociological and social justice closely with the national security from a systematic thinking and examine the importance of social justice from the strategic level of national security. The second chapter introduces the achievements and problems that our country has achieved in promoting fairness and justice. The main introduction of the party and the government is to promote the promotion of our country's security. The efforts and achievements made in the field of fairness and justice, as well as the main problems still existing in our country in the field of fairness and justice and the impact on national security. This chapter systematically introduces the efforts made by the party and the government in promoting the fairness and justice of the whole society for many years, and also shows the fact that our country does exist at the same time. With a large number of social injustice and injustice, if we do not take effective measures to solve these problems, it is bound to threaten the national security of our country. The third chapter analyzes the reasons for the existing problems in our country in the field of fairness and justice from three aspects, which are divided into three aspects of the original cause, the national conditions and the system reasons. The first is the view. The reason is divided into two aspects of philosophy and Law: (1) philosophical level: the different understanding of balanced and unbalanced development leads to the problem of fairness and justice. It is pointed out that the confusion in philosophy on balance and imbalance leads to the failure of the national development strategy to achieve the degree of relaxation, and the study and thinking of the world from the philosophical level. In particular, China's development strategy draws a conclusion that the reason why China is focused on solving the problem of fairness and justice is just a balance for the unbalanced development strategy for the last few decades. (two) the legal level: the different understanding and operation of power, rights and duties will lead to the problem of fairness and justice. The imbalance of the Department is one of the root causes of the problem of fairness and justice, and the best way to deal with it is to make the three in a dynamic balance as far as possible. Secondly, the cause of the national conditions, the large population, and the unbalance of development will produce the problem of fairness and justice. There are two phenomena of the shortage of sex and relativity, and the contradiction of this imbalance is the national condition of the problem of unfair and injustice. Therefore, the correct way to solve the problem can be found in the face of the existence of this reason. Third is the institutional reason, and the imperfection of the economic and political system will also produce the problem of fairness and justice. In a large number of important reasons for unfair and injustice problems, whether the planned economy model or the market economy itself is perfect and can not completely solve the problem of fairness and justice, because the improvement of the economic system is closely related to the superstructure, and the two aspects can not be isolated. At the same time, the political system of our country still exists. The phenomenon that partial power is too concentrated is also the fundamental cause of corruption and social injustice. Therefore, it is imperative to actively promote the reform of the system based on political system reform. The fourth chapter puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the security of the state with the promotion of fairness and justice: first, to innovate the ideas and to balance the system. Methods to understand and deal with the relationship of balance and imbalance, view traditional and non-traditional national security with the concept of dynamic balance, and balance between economic development and social policy. Two is a social security system based on fair justice and consensus to promote political system reform and improve the basic livelihood of the people. In this context, the political system reform should be carried out under the premise of promoting social fairness and justice. In this context, the paper puts forward relevant suggestions on the purpose, mode and strategy of the political system reform. In addition, the paper also suggests that the social security of our country should give priority to the middle and lower society. The interests of the class and the implementation of relevant policies. Three is a few contradictory relations to correctly deal with the problem of fairness and justice. There are three relationships: 1. the relationship between efficiency and fairness. The contradiction between efficiency and fairness is mainly caused by the unbalanced space-time conditions, and efficiency is a dynamic concept with extremely strong timeliness, and fairness is a cross time relative. Static concept, the difference between efficiency and fairness lies in the difference between special economic utility and universal political and social utility.2. absolute equity and relative equity. Absolute equity guarantees basic rights, relative equity guarantees relative rights, and can not confuse.3. with relative equity and absolute fairness to promote fair justice and promote economic development. The special effect of economic efficiency should be transformed into the universal utility of politics and society - that is, equity, in addition to the balance between the government's economic and social policies to regulate this "invisible hand" and the operating mechanism of the market economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D61
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