【摘要】：我國是一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國,農(nóng)村農(nóng)業(yè)人口數(shù)量龐大,土地是其最重要的生產(chǎn)資料,如何以“土地”為要素使農(nóng)民增收,一直是我國第一產(chǎn)業(yè)的重大問題。農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)入股從上世紀(jì)八九十年代的南海開始到現(xiàn)在,已經(jīng)有將近三十年的發(fā)展歷史,其在促進(jìn)農(nóng)民創(chuàng)收方面取得了顯著的成效。同時,2014年中央一號文件、2015年中央一號文件,連續(xù)兩年提到了加快農(nóng)村土地改革,“穩(wěn)定承包權(quán)、放活經(jīng)營權(quán)”,增加農(nóng)民的可支配性經(jīng)濟(jì)收入,促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)一體化建設(shè)。而在法律方面,《農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)管理辦法》中關(guān)于“農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)”的主體僅限于“承包方”之間,顯然會制約其發(fā)展進(jìn)程。因此,完善農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)入股的法律制度是既符合實踐發(fā)展的需要,同時又是國家政策的要求。本文主要從農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)入股的實踐出發(fā),采用實證分析方法和理論分析方法,對債權(quán)入股理論、物權(quán)入股理論以及以勞動力權(quán)入股為代表的新型理論等三大理論體系做了梳理和分析,得出以“租金”入股的債權(quán)模式才是最符合我國當(dāng)前農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的。綜合分析我國的農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)入股的各種經(jīng)典模式,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎所有的模式中都存在“保底分紅”問題。這主要是基于我國當(dāng)前的農(nóng)村社會保障制度還很不完善,土地在很大程度上仍然承擔(dān)著社會保障的功能。本文認(rèn)為美國的優(yōu)先股制度在紅利的優(yōu)先分配性質(zhì)方面與我國“保底分紅”有一定的契合性,因此,在《公司法》中引入優(yōu)先股制度希望能對我國的“保底分紅”的“市場化”產(chǎn)生一定的借鑒作用。完善農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)入股的法律制度,應(yīng)當(dāng)堅持“農(nóng)民自愿”、“不改變土地農(nóng)業(yè)用途”以及“因地制宜”等原則。同時修改滯后的法律,使得農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)入股的主體、經(jīng)營體制、農(nóng)民股東與公司債權(quán)人的權(quán)益保護(hù)等問題“法律化”。最后,我們還要正確定位政府在農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)入股制度中的地位,構(gòu)建國家的“兜底”責(zé)任制度,消除債權(quán)人的投資顧慮,同時進(jìn)一步完善農(nóng)村的社會保障制度等等。
[Abstract]:Our country is a big agricultural country, the rural agricultural population is huge, the land is its most important means of production, how to use "land" as the factor to increase the farmers' income, has been the major problem of our country's primary industry. Since the beginning of the South China Sea in the 1980s and 1990s, the farmland management right has been developed for nearly 30 years, and it has achieved remarkable results in promoting farmers' income generation. At the same time, the first document of the Central Committee in 2014 and the No. 1 document of the Central Committee in 2015 mentioned speeding up the reform of rural land for two consecutive years, "stabilizing the right to contract and activating the right of management," to increase the dominant economic income of farmers and to promote the construction of integration between urban and rural areas. In the aspect of law, the main body of "transfer of farmland management right" in "rural land contract management right transfer management method" is limited between "contractor", obviously will restrict its development process. Therefore, perfecting the legal system of farmland management right to equity is not only in line with the needs of practical development, but also the requirement of national policy. Based on the practice of ownership of farmland management right, this paper uses the empirical analysis method and the theoretical analysis method to analyze the theory of creditor's rights equity. The theory of real right to buy shares and the new theory represented by labor right are combed and analyzed, and it is concluded that the mode of creditor's right to purchase shares in rent is the most suitable for the development level of rural economy in our country at present. Based on the comprehensive analysis of various classical modes of ownership of farmland management right in China, it is not difficult to find that almost all the models have the problem of "guaranteed bottom dividend". This is mainly based on the fact that the current rural social security system in China is still imperfect, and the land still bears the function of social security to a great extent. This paper holds that the preferred stock system in the United States has some agreement with China's "guaranteed dividend" in terms of the preferential distribution of dividends. It is hoped that the introduction of preferred stock system in Company Law will provide some reference to the marketization of "guaranteed dividend" in our country. In order to perfect the legal system of farmland management right, we should adhere to the principles of "voluntary farmers", "not changing the use of land agriculture" and "measures to suit local conditions". At the same time, the lagging laws should be amended so as to legalize the main body of farmland management right, the management system, the protection of the rights and interests of the farmers and the creditors of the company, and so on. Finally, we should correctly locate the position of the government in the system of farmland management right, construct the national "bottom" responsibility system, eliminate the investment worries of creditors, and further improve the rural social security system and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D922.291.91

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本文編號：2123129