本文選題：老齡化 + 家庭養(yǎng)老��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：進(jìn)入21世紀(jì),中日韓三國急速的老齡化進(jìn)程引起全世界的關(guān)注。老齡化本身作為一種人口現(xiàn)象,是由于生育率降低、預(yù)期壽命延長而產(chǎn)生的老年人口在總?cè)丝谥斜戎夭粩嘣黾拥倪^程,這是一種社會進(jìn)步的標(biāo)志。而中日韓三國的老齡化之所以成為問題而被廣泛討論,一是其速度之快,程度之高皆在世界前列;其二是受老齡化沖擊下的養(yǎng)老困境。家庭養(yǎng)老在東亞社會源遠(yuǎn)流長,至今仍得到人們的認(rèn)同,并在各國發(fā)揮著巨大的作用。本文以中日韓家庭養(yǎng)老為研究對象,以老齡化為時(shí)代背景,對中日韓家庭養(yǎng)老變遷做縱向分析,比較研究中日韓家庭養(yǎng)老的相似性與特殊性,從中總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。最后總結(jié)中國家庭養(yǎng)老面臨的問題與挑戰(zhàn),借鑒日韓經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),對中國家庭養(yǎng)老發(fā)展提出對策建議。本文通過研究得出的基本結(jié)論是:第一,在中日韓家庭養(yǎng)老變遷的縱向分析方面。新中國成立以來,中國的家庭養(yǎng)老經(jīng)歷大致可以分為國家、集體支持下的家庭養(yǎng)老時(shí)期、家庭養(yǎng)老責(zé)任回歸時(shí)期和家庭養(yǎng)老社會化發(fā)展時(shí)期。中國家庭養(yǎng)老城鄉(xiāng)二元化發(fā)展模式,是中國在特殊的歷史時(shí)期為實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化建設(shè)的產(chǎn)物,但隨著中國政府對農(nóng)村福利保障問題的關(guān)注,這種情況將有所改變。日本的家庭養(yǎng)老轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)歷了二戰(zhàn)后傳統(tǒng)家庭制度轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí)期、家庭養(yǎng)老功能社會化時(shí)期和現(xiàn)代家庭養(yǎng)老確立時(shí)期三個(gè)階段。目前日本面臨的困難主要是養(yǎng)老服務(wù)需求增加與政府財(cái)政不足的矛盾。韓國的家庭養(yǎng)老的變遷也隨著政治和社會的變化而呈現(xiàn)出階段性,主要經(jīng)歷了社會恢復(fù)期、福利制度建設(shè)期和老齡化加速時(shí)期。韓國在老齡化尚未到來之前即制定了相應(yīng)的養(yǎng)老保障制度,有未雨綢繆的特點(diǎn),但目前家庭養(yǎng)老與社會養(yǎng)老保障制度結(jié)合還不充分,家庭的養(yǎng)老責(zé)任依然很重。第二,關(guān)于中日韓家庭養(yǎng)老的相似性和特殊性方面。中日韓三國在孝文化傳統(tǒng)、家族情結(jié)和秩序觀念上存在一定的文化共性,在人口轉(zhuǎn)變進(jìn)程和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展方面存在相同的特點(diǎn),在國家力量對家庭的有力干預(yù)方面也體現(xiàn)了傳統(tǒng)東方社會治理的特點(diǎn);在比較中日韓三國特殊性方面,中日韓家庭養(yǎng)老表現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)和適應(yīng)西方社會保障路徑的不同、建立養(yǎng)老保障的具體國情不同和面臨的歷史轉(zhuǎn)折機(jī)遇不同,中國在家庭養(yǎng)老轉(zhuǎn)變的過程中能夠更為獨(dú)立發(fā)展自身。第三,關(guān)于中國家庭養(yǎng)老面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和政策建議方面。針對中國社會中孝文化有衰弱的趨勢,社會養(yǎng)老保障水平較低,家庭養(yǎng)老城鄉(xiāng)、地區(qū)之間差距較大,家庭養(yǎng)老與城市養(yǎng)老結(jié)合程度較低的問題,結(jié)合日本和韓國家庭養(yǎng)老發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),提出對中國家庭養(yǎng)老的政策建議。即中國應(yīng)當(dāng)凝聚共識,堅(jiān)持以發(fā)展社會養(yǎng)老強(qiáng)化家庭養(yǎng)老;在社會中強(qiáng)調(diào)孝文化價(jià)值,建立鼓勵(lì)家庭養(yǎng)老政策體系;在養(yǎng)老政策實(shí)施方面保持主體性姿態(tài),注重制度的連續(xù)性和兼容性。
[Abstract]:In the 21 st century, the rapid aging process of China, Japan and South Korea has attracted worldwide attention. Aging itself, as a population phenomenon, is a process of increasing the proportion of the elderly population in the total population due to the decrease of fertility rate and the prolongation of life expectancy, which is a sign of social progress. The aging of China, Japan and South Korea has been widely discussed because of its rapid speed and high level in the world; the other is the dilemma of the aged under the impact of aging. Family pension has a long history in East Asia and is still recognized by people and plays a great role in many countries. This paper takes the family pension of China, Japan and Korea as the research object, taking the aging as the background of the times, makes a longitudinal analysis on the family pension changes of China, Japan and Korea, compares the similarities and particularities of the family pension between China, Japan and Korea, sums up the experience and finds out the problems. Finally, this paper summarizes the problems and challenges faced by Chinese family pension, draws lessons from the experiences of Japan and Korea, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the development of Chinese family pension. The basic conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the longitudinal analysis of the family pension changes in China, Japan and Korea. Since the founding of New China, China's family pension experience can be roughly divided into the state, collective support of the family pension period, the family pension responsibility return period and the family pension socialization development period. The dual development model of Chinese family pension in urban and rural areas is the product of industrialization construction in China in the special historical period, but this situation will change with the attention of the Chinese government on the rural welfare security. The transformation of family pension in Japan has experienced three stages: the transformation of traditional family system after World War II, the socialization of family pension function and the establishment of modern family pension. At present, the difficulties faced by Japan are mainly the contradiction between the increasing demand for pension services and the insufficient government finances. With the changes of politics and society, the changes of the family pension in South Korea have experienced the period of social recovery, the period of welfare system construction and the accelerating period of aging. South Korea has formulated the corresponding old-age security system before aging, which has the characteristics of making good plans in advance. But at present, the combination of family pension and social old-age security system is not sufficient, and the family's responsibility for providing for the aged is still very heavy. Second, about the similarity and particularity of Chinese, Japanese and Korean family pension. China, Japan and South Korea have certain cultural commonalities in the cultural tradition of filial piety, family complex and order concept, and have the same characteristics in the process of population transformation and the rapid development of social economy. It also reflects the characteristics of traditional eastern social governance in terms of the powerful intervention of state forces on families. In comparing the particularities of China, Japan and South Korea, the Chinese, Japanese and Korean family old-age support shows in the different ways of learning and adapting to the western social security system. China can develop itself more independently in the process of family pension transition because of the difference of specific national conditions and historical turning opportunities in the establishment of old-age security. Third, about the Chinese family pension challenges and policy recommendations. In view of the weak trend of filial piety culture in Chinese society, the level of social old-age security is low, the gap between urban and rural families is large, and the degree of combination of family and urban old-age care is low. Based on the experiences and lessons of Japanese and Korean family pension development, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for Chinese family pension. That is, China should unite consensus, insist on strengthening family old-age care by developing society, emphasize the cultural value of filial piety in society, establish and encourage family pension policy system, maintain subjective attitude in the implementation of pension policy. Pay attention to the continuity and compatibility of the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C913.6

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