本文選題：恩施農(nóng)村 + 留守老人��； 參考：《海南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,中國經(jīng)濟迅速發(fā)展,國民經(jīng)濟總量躍居世界第二。隨著城市化進程的加快,大量的勞動力由農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)向城市,出現(xiàn)大量的農(nóng)村留守老人問題。同時由于改革開放以來中國外向型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的需要,中西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村大量勞動力向東南沿海城市轉(zhuǎn)移,中西部農(nóng)村留守老人問題更為嚴重。出現(xiàn)大量的社會問題,包括老人老無所養(yǎng)、精神生活長期匱乏、老年人犯罪率的增加等。中西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村留守老人養(yǎng)老問題的解決不僅直接關(guān)系到中西部地區(qū)老年人本身的生活水平的提高,也是黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全國人民"確保到2020年所有貧困地區(qū)和貧困人口一道邁入全面小康社會"重要任務(wù)。本文就是基于這樣的背景,選取湖北省恩施州作為調(diào)研地點,研究恩施州農(nóng)村留守老人問題,并且針對恩施州農(nóng)村留守老人生活質(zhì)量困境提出具體的解決措施,以豐富相關(guān)問題的研究。為了對恩施留守老人生活質(zhì)量進行研究,筆者基于"社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)支持理論"、"馬斯洛需求層次理論"、"老人社會化理論",運用定量研究和定性研究相結(jié)合的辦法對湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州農(nóng)村留守老人生活質(zhì)量進行了綜合分析�？偣舶l(fā)放了 210份"恩施州農(nóng)村老人生活質(zhì)量研究"有效問卷和有針對性的選取了 10位農(nóng)村留守老人進行實地訪談。筆者結(jié)合調(diào)查問卷、實地訪談從國內(nèi)外普遍研究生活質(zhì)量的四個方面(經(jīng)濟收入、健康狀況、生活照料、心理慰藉)深入了解恩施州農(nóng)村留守老人的生存現(xiàn)狀和面臨的各種困境,接著從多個角度對恩施州農(nóng)村留守老人困境的原因進行分析。通過研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)原因包括以下五點:一是城鄉(xiāng)和地區(qū)的社會保障制度發(fā)展不平衡;二是農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度本身的局限性;三是子女給父母的經(jīng)濟支持太少;四是土地保障收入能力不斷下降;五是農(nóng)村的基礎(chǔ)文化設(shè)施建設(shè)薄弱。最后針對被調(diào)查地區(qū)政治、經(jīng)濟、文化的現(xiàn)狀提出具體的解決措施。一是推動恩施州經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,調(diào)整地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu);二是要加大對恩施州農(nóng)村留守老人的扶貧措施;三是完善恩施州內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)養(yǎng)老設(shè)施;四是要提高恩施地區(qū)留守老人社區(qū)和社工支持力度;五是豐富留守老人精神文化生活;六是留守老人要改變傳統(tǒng)贍養(yǎng)觀念,主動提升自身生活質(zhì)量。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's rapid economic development, the total national economy ranked second in the world.With the acceleration of urbanization, a large number of labor force from rural to urban, there is a large number of problems left behind in rural areas.At the same time, because of the need of China's export-oriented economic development since the reform and opening up, a large number of rural labor force in the central and western regions have been transferred to the southeast coastal cities.There are a lot of social problems, including old age, lack of spiritual life for a long time, the increase of the elderly crime rate and so on.The solution to the problem of old-age care for the elderly left behind in rural areas in the central and western regions is not only directly related to the improvement of the living standards of the elderly in the central and western regions,It is also an important task for the Party to lead the people of the whole country "to ensure that all the poor areas and the poor population will step into a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020".Based on this background, this paper selects Enshi Prefecture of Hubei Province as the research site, studies the problem of the elderly left behind in the rural areas of Enshi Prefecture, and puts forward concrete measures to solve the plight of the quality of life of the rural left-behind elderly in Enshi Prefecture.In order to enrich the study of related issues.In order to study the quality of life of the elderly left behind in Enshi,Based on the theory of social network support, Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs, and the theory of socialization of the elderly, the author uses the method of combining quantitative and qualitative research to study the life of the elderly left behind in the rural areas of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province.The quality of life was analyzed synthetically.A total of 210 QOL questionnaires were distributed and 10 rural left-behind elders were selected for field interviews.Combined with the questionnaire, the author conducted field interviews to study the four aspects of quality of life (income, health status, life care) at home and abroad.Psychological comfort) deeply understand the living situation of the rural left-behind elderly in Enshi state and the various difficulties they face, and then analyze the reasons of the plight of the rural left-behind elderly in Enshi state from several angles.The reasons are as follows: first, the development of social security system in urban and rural areas is unbalanced; second, the limitations of rural cooperative medical system itself; third, the children give too little financial support to their parents;Fourth, land security income capacity continues to decline; fifth, rural infrastructure construction is weak.Finally, the political, economic and cultural situation of the investigated area is discussed.First, to promote the economic development of Enshi Prefecture, adjust the regional industrial structure; second, to increase poverty alleviation measures for the elderly left behind in the rural areas of Enshi Prefecture; third, to improve the basic old-age facilities in Enshi Prefecture;The fourth is to improve the community and social support for the elderly left behind in Enshi area; the fifth is to enrich the spiritual and cultural life of the left-behind elderly; sixthly, to change the traditional concept of maintenance and to actively improve their own quality of life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D669.6

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