【摘要】：人與自然的關(guān)系問題是人類發(fā)展的永恒問題，隨著科學(xué)的進步，人類本質(zhì)力量的增強，人與自然的關(guān)系也日趨緊張。所以，人們迫切需要一種科學(xué)的自然觀來指導(dǎo)我們的思想。 馬克思站在哲學(xué)的高度上，在歷史唯物主義的視野下，，對人—自然—社會歷史的交互關(guān)系作了系統(tǒng)的闡釋。具有世界觀意義的歷史唯物主義不同于自然唯物主義、人本唯物主義的自然觀，拒斥了傳統(tǒng)自然觀的形而上學(xué)性。在實踐觀點的指導(dǎo)下，改變了以往兩極對立的思維方式，系統(tǒng)的闡明了人與自然之間的對立統(tǒng)一關(guān)系。并且在歷史唯物主義的視野下，深刻揭示了自然的社會歷史性質(zhì)，進而提出了人的自然主義與自然的人道主義統(tǒng)一的價值理念，使馬克思的自然觀具有了獨特的理論意義。 歷史唯物主義視野下的自然觀具有重要的思想啟示作用。在理論上，西方馬克思主義者受到馬克思自然觀的影響，尤其在對自然概念的理解以及人化自然的研究方面提出了有價值的思想，進一步豐富了馬克思的理論，然而，西方馬克思者過分強調(diào)自然的社會歷史性質(zhì)，不可避免陷入歷史唯心主義，因而具有一定的局限性。馬克思?xì)v史唯物主義視野下的自然觀通過對人與自然和人與人關(guān)系的闡釋，不僅否定了人類中心主義的觀點，而且分析了資本主義社會環(huán)境問題的社會原因，為解決嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境問題提供了現(xiàn)實的理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The relationship between man and nature is an eternal problem of human development. With the progress of science and the enhancement of human essential power, the relationship between man and nature is becoming more and more tense. Therefore, people urgently need a scientific view of nature to guide our thinking. Marx stood on the height of philosophy and made a systematic explanation of the interactive relationship between man, nature and social history from the perspective of historical materialism. The historical materialism with the significance of the world view is different from the natural materialism. The natural view of human-oriented materialism repels the metaphysical nature of the traditional view of nature. Under the guidance of practical point of view, the previous polar thinking mode has been changed, and the unity of opposites between man and nature has been systematically expounded. And from the perspective of historical materialism, it deeply reveals the social and historical nature of nature, and then puts forward the value concept of the unity of human naturalism and nature humanitarianism, which makes Marx's view of nature have unique theoretical significance. The view of nature from the perspective of historical materialism plays an important role in ideological enlightenment. In theory, the western Marxism is influenced by Marx's view of nature, especially in the understanding of the concept of nature and the study of humanized nature, which further enriches Marx's theory. However, Western Marxism overemphasizes the social and historical nature of nature and inevitably falls into historical idealism, so it has certain limitations. Through the interpretation of the relationship between man and nature and the relationship between man and man, Marx's view of nature from the perspective of historical materialism not only negates the viewpoint of humanitarianism, but also analyzes the social causes of social and environmental problems in capitalist society. It provides a realistic theoretical basis for solving severe environmental problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A811

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