發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-04 13:16

【摘要】：毛澤東法制思想是馬克思主義法學(xué)理論與中國(guó)實(shí)際相結(jié)合的重要理論成果，是毛澤東思想科學(xué)體系不可分割的一部分。毛澤東法制思想同其他的科學(xué)理論一樣具有歷史繼承性，其理論淵源主要有：傳統(tǒng)的思想文化是毛澤東法制思想的文化底蘊(yùn)；近代西方的法制觀對(duì)毛澤東法制思想形成具有深刻的啟蒙意義；馬克思列寧主義法學(xué)理論是毛澤東法制思想的直接理論來(lái)源。毛澤東法制思想的形成和發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了萌芽時(shí)期、形成時(shí)期、發(fā)展時(shí)期、成熟時(shí)期、曲折發(fā)展時(shí)期等一系列過(guò)程。其中毛澤東法制思想的萌芽時(shí)期是土地革命前、形成時(shí)期是土地革命時(shí)期、發(fā)展時(shí)期是從抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)到新中國(guó)成立、成熟時(shí)期是建國(guó)初期到社會(huì)主義改造完成、曲折時(shí)期是文化大革命時(shí)期。毛澤東的法制思想內(nèi)容涵蓋面廣泛，主要理論成果表現(xiàn)在他的憲政思想、刑法思想、行政法思想以及經(jīng)濟(jì)法思想。他還有其他的一些部門法，但是相對(duì)比較零散、不成系統(tǒng)。在肯定毛澤東法制思想貢獻(xiàn)的同時(shí)，我們也要看到由于當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史條件的限制以及毛澤東個(gè)人主觀上的失誤使毛澤東法制思想具有一定的局限性。在法制建設(shè)指導(dǎo)思想上違背社會(huì)主義方向和中心任務(wù)；在國(guó)家治理方式上重“人治”輕“法治”；對(duì)法律職能的認(rèn)識(shí)上重“階級(jí)性”輕“社會(huì)性”；在法律的權(quán)威性上重“政策”輕“法律”；以政治偏見盲目排斥西方近現(xiàn)代法律思想文化。造成毛澤東法制思想的局限性也是多方面的：客觀上，我國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)缺乏實(shí)行法制的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和國(guó)際條件。政治上實(shí)行高度集權(quán)的政治體制和“左”傾主義錯(cuò)誤的影響；經(jīng)濟(jì)上，實(shí)行高度集中的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)；不具備傳統(tǒng)文化基礎(chǔ)，“人治”傳統(tǒng)影響深遠(yuǎn)；不具備依法治國(guó)的國(guó)際環(huán)境，西方資本主義國(guó)家和蘇聯(lián)的法制都陷入混亂。主觀上，毛澤東個(gè)人缺乏法制建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和謙虛謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。研究毛澤東法制的思想的重點(diǎn)所在是挖掘它的當(dāng)代價(jià)值和借鑒意義。毛澤東法制思想的當(dāng)代價(jià)值一方面其豐富了馬克思主義法學(xué)理論，對(duì)其做出了重要的理論貢獻(xiàn)，，同時(shí)有助于完善毛澤東思想科學(xué)體系。另一方面，為中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義法制工作提供了基本的工作思路，同時(shí)為建設(shè)和諧社會(huì)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。通過(guò)對(duì)毛澤東法制思想局限性的分析，得出了以下的歷史啟示：我們要堅(jiān)持依法治國(guó)為主，德法并舉，增強(qiáng)全民法律意識(shí)，營(yíng)造法律至上的氛圍，以科學(xué)包容的態(tài)度對(duì)待國(guó)內(nèi)外所有優(yōu)秀的法律文化。
[Abstract]:Mao Zedong's legal thought is an important theoretical achievement which combines Marxist legal theory with China's reality and is an inseparable part of Mao Zedong's ideological science system. Mao Zedong's legal thought, like other scientific theories, has historical inheritance. Its theoretical origins are as follows: the traditional ideology and culture is the cultural background of Mao Zedong's legal thought; The view of modern western legal system has profound enlightening significance to the formation of Mao Zedong's legal thought, and Marxism-Leninist legal theory is the direct theoretical source of Mao Zedong's legal thought. The formation and development of Mao Zedong's legal thought has experienced a series of processes, such as budding period, forming period, developing period, mature period, tortuous development period and so on. The embryonic period of Mao Zedong's legal thought was before the agrarian revolution, the forming period was the agrarian revolution, the development period was from the War of Resistance against Japan to the founding of New China, and the mature period was from the early stage of founding the people's Republic of China to the completion of socialist transformation. The tortuous period was the period of the Cultural Revolution. Mao Zedong's legal thought covers a wide range of contents, the main theoretical achievements are his constitutional thought, criminal law thought, administrative law thought and economic law thought. He has other branches of law, but they are relatively fragmented and unsystematic. While affirming Mao Zedong's contribution to legal thought, we should also see that due to the limitation of historical conditions at that time and the personal subjective error of Mao Zedong, the legal thought of Mao Zedong has certain limitations. It runs counter to the socialist direction and the central task in the guiding ideology of the legal system construction, emphasizes the "rule of man" rather than "the rule of law" in the way of national governance, and emphasizes "class" and "social" on the understanding of the legal function. Emphasis on "policy" and "law" in the authority of law, and blind rejection of western modern legal ideology and culture with political prejudice. The limitation of Mao Zedong's legal thought is also in many aspects: objectively, our country lacked the political, economic, cultural and international conditions to carry out the legal system at that time. Politically, the political system with a high degree of centralization of power and the erroneous influence of the "left" tilting doctrine; economically, the highly centralized planned economy; the lack of a traditional cultural foundation and the far-reaching influence of the tradition of "rule by man"; and the lack of an international environment for governing the country according to law, Western capitalist countries and the Soviet Union had a chaotic legal system. Subjectively, Mao Zedong individual lacks legal system construction experience and modest and prudent attitude. The key point of studying Mao Zedong's legal system is to excavate its contemporary value and reference significance. On the one hand, the contemporary value of Mao Zedong's legal thought enriches Marxist legal theory, makes important theoretical contributions to it, and at the same time helps to perfect the ideological scientific system of Mao Zedong. On the other hand, it provides the basic idea for the legal work of socialism with Chinese characteristics and lays the foundation for building a harmonious society. Based on the analysis of the limitation of Mao Zedong's legal thought, the following historical revelations are drawn: we should persist in governing the country according to law, develop both morality and law, strengthen the legal consciousness of the whole people, and create an atmosphere of the supremacy of law. Treat all outstanding legal culture at home and abroad with scientific tolerance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D909.2;A841

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