【摘要】：個(gè)性發(fā)展是人的現(xiàn)代性過程的核心問題,而這一問題在現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中與人所從事的職業(yè)發(fā)生著緊密的關(guān)聯(lián)。在中國(guó)當(dāng)前社會(huì),尋求實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)性發(fā)展與職業(yè)選擇的統(tǒng)一的途徑是提升我國(guó)人的現(xiàn)代性的一種思路,其實(shí)質(zhì)是協(xié)調(diào)個(gè)人發(fā)展與社會(huì)需要的矛盾,把個(gè)性發(fā)展與人的社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)有機(jī)地統(tǒng)一起來。因此,依據(jù)馬克思個(gè)性理論,結(jié)合現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的發(fā)展實(shí)際,研究具有中國(guó)特色的職業(yè)選擇是深化個(gè)性發(fā)展思想的重要課題。 在馬克思那里,個(gè)性是一個(gè)歷史范疇,是現(xiàn)實(shí)的個(gè)人在與環(huán)境的相互作用中,人的本質(zhì)力量的發(fā)揮、發(fā)展所形成的個(gè)體的差異。馬克思個(gè)性理論以“現(xiàn)實(shí)的個(gè)人”為出發(fā)點(diǎn),不僅為職業(yè)選擇研究確立了唯物史觀的基本方向,提供了實(shí)踐生成的科學(xué)方法論并進(jìn)行價(jià)值引導(dǎo),而且對(duì)于在職業(yè)選擇活動(dòng)中個(gè)人的發(fā)展給予了深切的關(guān)懷。 從個(gè)性發(fā)展與職業(yè)選擇的歷史過程看,其發(fā)展表現(xiàn)為個(gè)性自由程度的不斷提升：職業(yè)選擇與個(gè)性發(fā)展是在生產(chǎn)力、職業(yè)分工的發(fā)展與個(gè)性自我發(fā)展、完善的矛盾運(yùn)動(dòng)中,逐漸走向統(tǒng)一的。從個(gè)性發(fā)展與職業(yè)選擇的理論維度看,個(gè)性發(fā)展在實(shí)現(xiàn)人的需要和價(jià)值目標(biāo)及其過程方面與職業(yè)選擇具有一致性；個(gè)性發(fā)展與職業(yè)選擇也存在差異性、對(duì)立及矛盾；二者在現(xiàn)實(shí)中呈現(xiàn)互動(dòng)態(tài)勢(shì)：社會(huì)為個(gè)人發(fā)展創(chuàng)造條件,個(gè)人為社會(huì)發(fā)展作出貢獻(xiàn)；二者之間關(guān)系的優(yōu)化就是尋找到其平衡點(diǎn),即選擇一種契合個(gè)人創(chuàng)造個(gè)性又能最大限度發(fā)展這種個(gè)性的職業(yè)。在這一過程中,個(gè)人不僅發(fā)展個(gè)性,而且能夠通過適合自己的職業(yè)為社會(huì)作出最優(yōu)的貢獻(xiàn),很好地實(shí)現(xiàn)人生價(jià)值。從中國(guó)當(dāng)代國(guó)情看,個(gè)性發(fā)展與職業(yè)選擇面臨一些問題和困境：職業(yè)發(fā)展與個(gè)性發(fā)展存在著矛盾,特別是存在著價(jià)值沖突的問題；職業(yè)選擇的自由變換在現(xiàn)有體制下,存在困難與挑戰(zhàn)。這根源于不發(fā)達(dá)的生產(chǎn)力及個(gè)性自由與職業(yè)分工的矛盾。在我國(guó)現(xiàn)有生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展程度下,解決這個(gè)問題必須進(jìn)行體制改革,破除個(gè)性發(fā)展的社會(huì)障礙,為個(gè)性的合理發(fā)展創(chuàng)造物質(zhì)條件,從而推動(dòng)整個(gè)社會(huì)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Personality development is the core problem in the process of human modernity, which is closely related to the occupation people engage in the real society. In the current society of China, seeking a way to realize the unity of personality development and career choice is a way of promoting the modernity of Chinese people, whose essence is to coordinate the contradiction between individual development and social needs. The development of personality and the social contribution of people organically unified. Therefore, according to Marx's personality theory and the development practice of modern society, it is an important task to study the career choice with Chinese characteristics. In Marx's view, individuality is a historical category. It is the individual difference formed by the interaction between human nature and environment, the exertion and development of human essential power. Marx's personality theory takes the "realistic individual" as the starting point. It not only establishes the basic direction of historical materialism for the study of career choice, but also provides the scientific methodology generated by practice and the guidance of value. And for the personal development in career selection activities to give deep concern. From the perspective of the historical process of personality development and career choice, its development is manifested in the continuous improvement of the degree of personality freedom: career choice and personality development are in the contradictory movement of productive forces, the development of professional division of labor and the self-development of personality, and the improvement of personality. Gradually moving towards unity. From the theoretical dimension of personality development and career choice, personality development is consistent with career choice in the realization of human needs and value goals and its process, and there are differences, opposites and contradictions between personality development and career choice. In reality, the society creates the conditions for the individual development, and the individual contributes to the social development, and the optimization of the relationship between the two is to find its balance point. That is, to choose a suitable individual to create personality and to maximize the development of this personality. In this process, the individual not only develops his personality, but also can make the best contribution to the society through his occupation, and realize the value of life well. From the point of view of China's contemporary national conditions, personality development and career choice face some problems and difficulties: there are contradictions between professional development and personality development, especially the problem of value conflict, and the free transformation of career choice is under the existing system. There are difficulties and challenges. This originates from the contradiction between the undeveloped productive forces and the freedom of personality and the division of occupation. To solve this problem, it is necessary to reform the system, break down the social barrier of personality development, create material conditions for the rational development of personality, and promote the development of the whole society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：A811;B038

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