本文選題：馬克思 + 恩格斯　； 參考：《天津商業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：馬克思、恩格斯關(guān)于農(nóng)民問題的思想是馬克思主義理論體系中的重要組成部分,它為東西方國家解決本國的農(nóng)民問題提供理論上的指導(dǎo)。馬克思、恩格斯身處資本的原始積累以及城鄉(xiāng)矛盾不斷激化的時(shí)代背景下,開始關(guān)注農(nóng)民問題。最初,馬克思、恩格斯未意識(shí)到農(nóng)民的革命性,但通過對(duì)西方各國農(nóng)民處境的考察以及對(duì)革命的失敗進(jìn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)后,馬克思、恩格斯意識(shí)到農(nóng)民對(duì)無產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命的重要作用,對(duì)其認(rèn)識(shí)發(fā)生深刻的轉(zhuǎn)變。在正確認(rèn)識(shí)農(nóng)民的社會(huì)地位及對(duì)社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的作用后,馬克思、恩格斯對(duì)農(nóng)民問題進(jìn)行深入的研究,并形成了豐富的農(nóng)民問題思想,即關(guān)于農(nóng)民的地位與作用的思想,馬克思、恩格斯認(rèn)為農(nóng)民是利用勞動(dòng)工具進(jìn)行自給自足的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的人,并將其劃分為大農(nóng)、中農(nóng)、小農(nóng)、農(nóng)業(yè)工人這四個(gè)層次。馬克思、恩格斯對(duì)農(nóng)民的地位和作用進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)民在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中具有基礎(chǔ)性的地位和作用,在政治方面雖有一定的革命性但政治地位極低;對(duì)小農(nóng)進(jìn)行改造的思想,馬克思、恩格斯認(rèn)為小農(nóng)無論是在生產(chǎn)中還是在革命中都具有一定的局限性,這將嚴(yán)重阻礙小農(nóng)自身的發(fā)展,因此他們提出要對(duì)小農(nóng)進(jìn)行改造。馬克思、恩格斯堅(jiān)持自愿與示范相結(jié)合的原則,分別從農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式、文化教育以及工農(nóng)業(yè)聯(lián)合等方面開展對(duì)占人口大多數(shù)的小農(nóng)進(jìn)行改造;工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟思想,馬克思、恩格斯從無產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命失敗的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)民對(duì)革命的重要作用,提出工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟的思想,并從工人階級(jí)的來源、工人與農(nóng)民共同的利益追求出發(fā)闡述工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟建立的可能性。馬克思、恩格斯認(rèn)為要想建立工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟,首先必須要建立無產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政的國家以及確立無產(chǎn)階級(jí)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。其次要在工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟中尊重和保障農(nóng)民的利益,以此來維護(hù)工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟的穩(wěn)定;東方農(nóng)民問題的思想,馬克思、恩格斯在經(jīng)歷資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條、世界無產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命形勢變化之后,將視野轉(zhuǎn)向東方,開始研究東方農(nóng)民問題。馬克思、恩格斯認(rèn)為東方農(nóng)民問題的核心是土地問題,要想改變東方農(nóng)民的被壓迫、剝削的處境,就要從土地改革、改變被剝削狀態(tài)、爭取民族獨(dú)立等方面入手,解決東方農(nóng)民問題。馬克思、恩格斯的農(nóng)民思想遵循社會(huì)歷史的發(fā)展規(guī)律,對(duì)于解決我國當(dāng)前面臨的農(nóng)民問題具有一定的啟示意義,主要包括三個(gè)方面:第一,要解決農(nóng)民問題,要改變農(nóng)民長期處于社會(huì)的最底層的狀態(tài),提升農(nóng)民的地位,重視和保護(hù)農(nóng)民;第二,農(nóng)民本身存在局限性、落后性導(dǎo)致自身貧困,因此要積極引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民,幫助農(nóng)民進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)、教育方面的改造;第三,要解決農(nóng)民問題必須走合作化的道路,建立新型農(nóng)業(yè)合作組織。
[Abstract]:Marx and Engels' thought on peasant problem is an important part of Marxist theoretical system, which provides theoretical guidance for the eastern and western countries to solve their peasant problems. Marx and Engels began to pay attention to the problem of farmers under the background of the primitive accumulation of capital and the intensification of the contradiction between urban and rural areas. At first, Marx and Engels did not realize the revolutionary role of peasants. However, after examining the situation of farmers in western countries and summing up their experiences on the failure of the revolution, Marx and Engels realized the important role of peasants in the proletarian revolution. A profound change has taken place in his understanding of it. After the correct understanding of the social status of peasants and their role in the socialist movement, Marx and Engels made a thorough study of the peasants' problems, and formed a rich thought on peasants' problems, that is, on the status and role of peasants. Marx and Engels thought that farmers were the people who used labor tools to carry out self-sufficient production activities, and they were divided into four levels: large, middle, small and agricultural workers. Marx and Engels analyzed the status and role of peasants, and found that peasants have a basic position and role in economic and social development, although they are revolutionary in politics, but their political status is extremely low. Marx and Engels believe that smallholder farmers have certain limitations in production or revolution, which will seriously hinder the development of small farmers themselves, so they propose to reform smallholder farmers. Marx and Engels adhere to the principle of combining voluntary and exemplary methods of production, culture and education, as well as industrial and agricultural union to reform the majority of the population of small farmers; the idea of the alliance of workers and peasants, Marx, Engels found the important role of the peasants in the revolution from the experience of the failure of the proletarian revolution, put forward the thought of the worker-peasant alliance, and expounded the possibility of the establishment of the worker-peasant alliance from the source of the working class and the pursuit of the common interests of the workers and the peasants. Marx and Engels thought that in order to establish the alliance of workers and peasants, we must establish the state of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the leading position of the proletariat. Secondly, it is necessary to respect and safeguard the interests of the peasants in the worker-peasant alliance in order to safeguard the stability of the worker-peasant alliance. After the capitalist economic depression and the changes in the world proletarian revolutionary situation, Marx and Engels have experienced the thinking of the eastern peasants. Turn to the east and begin to study the problem of peasants in the east. Marx and Engels believe that the core of the eastern peasant problem is the land issue. If we want to change the situation of the eastern peasants being oppressed and exploited, we must start from the aspects of land reform, changing the state of exploitation, and striving for national independence. Solve the problem of peasants in the east. Marx and Engels' farmer thought follows the law of social and historical development. It has certain enlightenment significance to solve the peasant problem that our country faces at present. It mainly includes three aspects: first, to solve the peasant problem, It is necessary to change the status of farmers at the bottom of society for a long time, enhance their status, attach importance to and protect peasants; second, farmers have their own limitations and backwardness leads to their own poverty. Therefore, we should actively guide farmers and help them to carry out production. Third, to solve the problem of farmers, we must take the road of co-operative and establish a new agricultural cooperative organization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津商業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：A84;D420

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 肖富群;鄧然;;論馬克思的農(nóng)民問題思想[J];山西師大學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2015年06期

2 李明宇;張真真;;馬克思恩格斯的農(nóng)民主體性思想及其當(dāng)代意義[J];南京政治學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2015年05期

3 嚴(yán)立賢;;晚年恩格斯關(guān)于農(nóng)民“小塊土地所有制”思想的提出及其意義[J];馬克思主義與現(xiàn)實(shí);2015年04期

4 王慶超;;略述馬克思主義經(jīng)典作家的農(nóng)民觀[J];重慶交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2012年01期

5 相雅芳;李航;;中國共產(chǎn)黨保障農(nóng)民利益的思想研究[J];群文天地;2011年10期

6 吳德慧;;恩格斯晚年的農(nóng)業(yè)合作社思想及其當(dāng)代價(jià)值[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)研究導(dǎo)刊;2010年02期

7 詹真榮;熊樂蘭;;恩格斯晚年關(guān)于農(nóng)民問題的論述[J];社會(huì)科學(xué)戰(zhàn)線;2007年06期

8 張玉香;;關(guān)于馬克思主義“三農(nóng)”理論發(fā)展與實(shí)踐的思考[J];理論前沿;2007年15期

9 程同順;;西方國家農(nóng)民利益集團(tuán)的功能與作用對(duì)我國新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的啟示[J];教學(xué)與研究;2006年09期

10 黃克亮;;馬克思主義視角下的農(nóng)民問題研究[J];探求;2006年03期

，

本文編號(hào)：2100524