本文選題：中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨 + 人民共和�。� 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代政治學(xué)語(yǔ)境中的共和一詞起源于西方，馬克思主義政治學(xué)說(shuō)對(duì)其進(jìn)行過(guò)闡述，中國(guó)古代政治思想對(duì)其也有所涉及。經(jīng)過(guò)不斷的分化、糅雜，其基本涵義和核心理念在漫長(zhǎng)的政治思想發(fā)展歷程中，發(fā)生了較大的變化。對(duì)于什么是共和，古今中外的思想家給予了不同的回答，但國(guó)權(quán)公有、多元均衡、包容妥協(xié)、和平和諧、崇尚法律、推崇美德等共和思想的內(nèi)核則始終貫徹其中。近年來(lái)，隨著西方新共和主義思潮的復(fù)興，越來(lái)越多的國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者開(kāi)始關(guān)注共和問(wèn)題，，從共和的維度出發(fā)，尋求平衡單純民主所蘊(yùn)含的局限性的良方。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期的理論與實(shí)踐探索，在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民進(jìn)行革命、建設(shè)和改革的歷史進(jìn)程中，將這一起源于西方的政治詞匯與充分體現(xiàn)共產(chǎn)黨價(jià)值追求的“人民”一詞相結(jié)合，創(chuàng)造了“人民共和”這一既體現(xiàn)在我國(guó)國(guó)名之中，又反映了我國(guó)的政治制度和體制結(jié)構(gòu)的重要詞匯。并在客觀上形成了黨的人民共和的基本理念。這些基本理念貫穿于黨的理論與實(shí)踐活動(dòng)之中，通過(guò)共和國(guó)的制度架構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)踐，并展現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的中國(guó)風(fēng)格和中國(guó)特色。 本論文堅(jiān)持以馬克思主義政治學(xué)基本原理為指導(dǎo)，堅(jiān)持宏觀的歷史透視與微觀的歷史剖析相結(jié)合，堅(jiān)持目的與手段、真理與價(jià)值的統(tǒng)一，從政治學(xué)、馬克思主義理論、社會(huì)學(xué)、歷史學(xué)等各學(xué)科交叉整合的視角，運(yùn)用辯證唯物主義的思維方法以及中外比較研究法、理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際法、信息梳理與分析法等研究方法，在對(duì)黨人民共和理論的思想淵源進(jìn)行分析和闡述，對(duì)中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人追尋和探索人民共和理論與實(shí)踐的歷史軌跡和發(fā)展脈絡(luò)進(jìn)行梳理的基礎(chǔ)上，概括和詮釋了人民共和的基本理念、制度框架及其基本特征。根據(jù)對(duì)人民共和實(shí)踐的現(xiàn)實(shí)境遇的分析和把握，探討新時(shí)期新形勢(shì)下的路徑選擇。論文主體共分為六個(gè)部分進(jìn)行分析和論述。 第一部分，從人民共和理論對(duì)西方共和主義有益成果的借鑒、對(duì)馬克思主義經(jīng)典作家的人民共和思想的繼承以及對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)政治文化中“共和”觀念的揚(yáng)棄等方面對(duì)黨的人民共和理論的思想淵源進(jìn)行了分析。 第二部分，以時(shí)間為線索厘清黨探索人民共和的歷史軌跡，將其劃分為三個(gè)階段：民主革命時(shí)期的初步探索、新中國(guó)成立后的繼續(xù)探索以及改革開(kāi)放后的新探索。 第三部分，從人民共和的基本理念、制度架構(gòu)和基本特征三個(gè)方面對(duì)中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人民共和理論的主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行理析。以人民當(dāng)家作主作為政治追求的首要價(jià)值，以政治參與多元化作為政治運(yùn)行的重要方式，以權(quán)力的制約與監(jiān)督作為政治良性運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的保障，以憲政法治和公民美德作為政治運(yùn)行的雙重支撐和以政治發(fā)展成果和諧共享作為政治發(fā)展目標(biāo)等構(gòu)成了人民共和的基本理念。這些基本理念在我國(guó)人民民主專政的國(guó)家性質(zhì)、人民代表大會(huì)制度、共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度、民族區(qū)域自治制度、基層民主制度以及“一國(guó)兩制”等中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義政治制度體制中得到充分體現(xiàn)，并具有其獨(dú)特的基本特征：堅(jiān)持以人為本的核心價(jià)值理念，堅(jiān)持一元領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與多元有序參與相結(jié)合，體現(xiàn)平等、包容、妥協(xié)、和諧的精神內(nèi)核，彰顯我國(guó)根本社會(huì)制度的優(yōu)越性等。 第四部分，從人民當(dāng)家作主的權(quán)利得到進(jìn)一步尊重與落實(shí)、基本政治制度不斷完善和發(fā)展、權(quán)力制約與監(jiān)督水平顯著提高、社會(huì)主義法制建設(shè)獲得突破性進(jìn)展等四個(gè)方面對(duì)人民共和實(shí)踐取得的進(jìn)展進(jìn)行高度肯定的同時(shí)，正確認(rèn)識(shí)其在保障人民當(dāng)家作主、促進(jìn)政治多元參與、加強(qiáng)權(quán)力制約與監(jiān)督以及確保政治發(fā)展成果和諧共享等方面面臨的問(wèn)題和挑戰(zhàn)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上全面評(píng)析黨的人民共和實(shí)踐的現(xiàn)實(shí)境遇。 第五部分，從三個(gè)層面對(duì)進(jìn)一步健全與完善人民共和的路徑選擇進(jìn)行了思考：一是完善人民共和實(shí)現(xiàn)的制度保障；二是推動(dòng)人民共和實(shí)踐的規(guī)范化和法制化；三是營(yíng)造有利于人民共和心理認(rèn)同的政治文化氛圍。 結(jié)論部分，總結(jié)與揭示了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人民共和理論與實(shí)踐的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和現(xiàn)實(shí)啟示：人民共和的理論與實(shí)踐必須立足于中國(guó)基本國(guó)情；人民共和的實(shí)踐必須與推進(jìn)政治社會(huì)化和公民社會(huì)建設(shè)結(jié)合起來(lái)；必須堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人民當(dāng)家作主與依法治國(guó)的統(tǒng)一；必須推進(jìn)人民共和的理論創(chuàng)新和制度創(chuàng)新；必須借鑒和吸納人類社會(huì)一切優(yōu)秀的政治文明成果等。
[Abstract]:The word "Republic" in the context of modern political science originated from the west, and Marx's political theory expounded it. The ancient Chinese political thought was also involved in it. After continuous differentiation and mixing, the basic meaning and core concept had changed greatly in the long history of political thought. Today, Chinese and foreign thinkers have given different answers, but the core of the republican ideology, such as public ownership, pluralism, tolerance and compromise, peace and harmony, the worship of the law and the virtues of virtue, has always been carried out. In recent years, with the revival of new Republican ideas in the West, more and more domestic scholars have begun to pay attention to the Republican issue, from the dimension of the Republic. After a long period of theory and practice, the Chinese Communists, in the historical process of leading the people to carry out revolution, construction and reform, combine the political vocabulary derived from the West with the word "people", which fully embodies the value of the Communist Party, and creates a "man". The people's Republic is not only reflected in the national name of our country, but also reflects the important vocabulary of the political system and structure of our country. And it has formed the basic idea of the party's people's Republic objectively. These basic ideas run through the party's theoretical and practical activities, and are translated into practice through the institutional framework of the Republic and are unique. Chinese style and Chinese characteristics.
This paper, guided by the basic principles of Marx's political science, adheres to the combination of macro historical perspective and microcosmic historical analysis, adheres to the unity of purpose and means, truth and value, from the perspective of political science, Marx theory, sociology, history and other disciplines, and uses the dialectical materialism method of thinking. And the Chinese and foreign comparative research method, the theory contact the actual law, the information combing and the analysis method and so on research method, analysis and expound the thought origin of the party people's republic theory, on the basis of the Chinese Communists seeking and exploring the historical track and the development of the people's Republic theory and practice, generalizes and annotates the people's Communist Party. The basic concept, the system framework and its basic features are analyzed and grasped according to the practical situation of the people's Republic, and the path selection under the new situation is discussed in the new period. The thesis is divided into six parts to analyze and discuss.
The first part, from the reference of the people's Republic Theory to the beneficial results of Western republicanism, the inheritance of the people's Republic thought of Marx's classic writers and the analysis of the ideological origin of the party's people's Republic Theory in the traditional political culture of China.
The second part, taking time as a clue to clarify the historical track of the party's exploration of the people's Republic, divides it into three stages: the preliminary exploration of the period of democratic revolution, the continuing exploration after the founding of new China and the new exploration after the reform and opening up.
The third part analyzes the main contents of the people's Republic Theory of the Communist Party of China from the basic concepts, the institutional framework and the basic characteristics of the people's Republic. Taking the people's ownership as the primary value of the political pursuit, the political participation is an important way of political operation, and the restriction and supervision of power as the politics. The basic concepts of the people's Republic, such as the dual support of the constitutional and political treatment and the citizen virtue as the political operation and the harmonious sharing of political development results as the goal of political development, are the basic ideas of the people's Republic. These basic concepts are the national character of the people's democratic dictatorship, the system of the people's Congress and the multi party cooperation led by the Communist Party. The political consultative system, the system of national regional autonomy, the grass-roots democratic system and the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics, such as "one country, two systems", are fully embodied in the system of socialist political system, such as "one country, two systems", and have its unique basic characteristics: adhering to the core value concept of people oriented, adhering to the combination of one yuan leadership and multiple orderly participation, and reflecting equality, Tolerance, compromise, harmonious spiritual core, highlighting the superiority of China's fundamental social system.
In the fourth part, the rights of the people are further respected and implemented, the basic political system is constantly improved and developed, the level of power restriction and supervision is greatly improved, and the breakthrough progress of the socialist legal system construction has been highly affirmed in the four aspects of the people's Republic practice. The problems and challenges facing the disabled people, promoting political pluralistic participation, strengthening the restriction and supervision of power and ensuring the harmonious sharing of political development achievements and so on, and on this basis comprehensively evaluate the practical situation of the party's people's Republic practice.
The fifth part, from the three layers to further improve and improve the people's Republic of the path of choice: one is to improve the people's Republic to achieve the institutional guarantee; two to promote the standardization and legalization of the people's Republic practice; three is to create a political and cultural atmosphere conducive to the people's Republic psychological identity.
The conclusion part, summarizing and revealing the experience and practical enlightenment of the theory and practice of the people's Republic of the Communist Party of China: the theory and practice of the people's Republic must be based on the basic national conditions of China; the practice of the people's Republic must be combined with the promotion of political socialization and the construction of civil society; the leadership of the party must be adhered to, and the people should be the masters of the family. The unity of governing the country according to law must promote the theoretical and institutional innovation of the people's Republic, and we must draw on and absorb all the outstanding achievements of political civilization in the human society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D25

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本文編號(hào)：1995595