本文選題：毛澤東　切入點：治國思想　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：毛澤東思想是中國化的馬克思主義，而要真正做到馬克思主義中國化，最關(guān)鍵的就是要使它與中國的現(xiàn)實國情和歷史國情相結(jié)合；儒家文化作為中國傳統(tǒng)文化重要組成部分是歷史國情的重要內(nèi)容，儒家思想文化作為封建社會的意識形態(tài)無疑是過時的東西，但作為一種文化遺產(chǎn)還是有可取之處的。毛澤東用馬克思主義的觀點，主張對儒家思想文化應(yīng)當(dāng)充分地利用、批判地利用，這成為馬克思主義中國化的應(yīng)有之義。 毛澤東作為黨和國家第一代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心，對治國安邦作了積極的探索，在政治、經(jīng)濟、文化以及軍事、外交等方面形成了獨具特色的治國思想，毛澤東治國思想具有開創(chuàng)性、民族性、探索性。 毛澤東的治國思想吸收了儒家治國思想的精華，同時剔除了儒家治國思想的糟粕，實現(xiàn)了批判性的繼承、創(chuàng)新、改造。在治國的終極目標(biāo)上，深受儒家“大同”思想的影響，渴望實現(xiàn)社會公有、人人平等、自由發(fā)展的共產(chǎn)主義社會；在治國的目標(biāo)上，儒家推崇從“小康”到“大同”，毛澤東把共產(chǎn)主義分為不發(fā)達的社會主義和發(fā)達的社會主義，都注重逐步實現(xiàn)；在治國的方法上，毛澤東和儒家先哲們一樣，主張以德治國，靠道德的力量促進良好社會風(fēng)氣的形成，同時，輔之以必要的法制手段；儒家在對待貧富差距的問題上傾向于“調(diào)勻”，毛澤東提出要縮小三大差別，盡量讓每個國民有飯吃、有衣穿；儒家在對待個人私利和個人享樂上要求不爭利、不獨樂，毛澤東提倡在利益面前發(fā)揚風(fēng)格、吃苦在前、享受在后。在用人上，都強調(diào)德才兼?zhèn)�。毛澤東同志在繼承了儒家治國思想合理成分的同時，又對儒家治國思想有所發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新，同時，對儒家治國思想中的一些不適宜的成分進行了改造。儒家也講富民，但這個富民是為了更好地御民，是為了統(tǒng)治階級能夠照舊統(tǒng)治下去，毛澤東治國理政的根本出發(fā)點和目的是為了人民過上好日子，，進而實現(xiàn)國家的富強；歷代儒家都主張“以民為本”，但這個“本”首先是在鞏固王權(quán)的前提下的“本”，毛澤東把人民視為上帝，實行人民民主專政，他號召黨的干部全心全意為人民服務(wù)；儒家重視教育，但脫離生產(chǎn)勞動，重文輕理，毛澤東強調(diào)教育與生產(chǎn)勞動、與實踐相結(jié)合，強調(diào)德智體全面發(fā)展，更加注重國民身體的健康；在軍事思想上，儒家主張慎戰(zhàn)，不打不義之戰(zhàn)，毛澤東認為人不犯我、我不犯人，同時，也強調(diào)人若犯我、我必犯人，只要是正義的戰(zhàn)爭，勝利是屬于人民的；儒家外交講究和而不同，毛澤東發(fā)展為和平共處五項原則，以此為基礎(chǔ)處理外事外交；儒家反腐注重官員自省、自律，毛澤東在讓干部經(jīng)常受教育的同時，更加注重制度建設(shè)，更加注重發(fā)動群眾同腐敗現(xiàn)象作斗爭；毛澤東同志對儒家的專制主義、宗法主義、平均主義及教育流弊也進行了無情的批判。毛澤東繼承和發(fā)展儒家文化有著多方面的原因。 毛澤東治國思想中的儒家文化因素對鄧小平、江澤民、胡錦濤的治國思想影響深遠，對全面建設(shè)小康社會起著先驅(qū)作用，對文化發(fā)展與人的發(fā)展具有啟發(fā)意義；毛澤東的治國思想對當(dāng)前處理國際關(guān)系、民族問題及黨派合作也有很重要的借鑒價值。
[Abstract]:Mao Zedong thought is the China of the Marx doctrine, the Marx doctrine in order to do China, the key is to make it Chinese reality conditions and historical conditions combine; Confucian culture as an important part of China traditional culture is an important content of historical conditions, Confucianism as a feudal social ideology is outdated things, but as a kind of cultural heritage or has merit. Mao Zedong used Marx's viewpoint, that should make full use of the Confucian culture, criticizing the use, which became Marx's Chinese of righteousness.
As the first generation of leadership of the party and the state, Mao Zedong made a positive exploration of the rule of state and formed a unique governing thought in politics, economy, culture, military affairs and diplomacy. Mao Zedong's thought of governing the country is pioneering, national and exploratory.
Mao Zedong's thought of governing the country by absorbing the essence of Confucian thoughts, and eliminating the Confucian thought of rule by the dross, realize the critical inheritance, innovation and transformation. In the ultimate goal of ruling, deeply influenced by the Confucian thought of "Datong", for the realization of social public, equality, free development of the Communist society in the country; the target, the Confucian thoughts from "off" to "Datong", Mao Zedong put communism into less developed socialism and developed socialism, to gradually realize the rule; in the method, Mao Zedong and Confucian sages, and advocated the rule of virtue, formed by moral force to promote the good social atmosphere. At the same time, supplemented by the necessary legal means; "mix" in Confucian tendency to treat the problem of the gap between rich and poor, Mao Zedong proposed to reduce three big difference, try to make every citizen has a meal To eat, clothes to wear; Confucian in the treatment of private interests and not over personal pleasure requires not to compete, and Mao Zedong advocated to carry forward the style in front of the interests, bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts. In the use of the people, stressed that Comrade Mao Zedong inherits have both ability and political integrity. Confucian ruling ideology reasonable elements at the same time, they have to the Confucian thoughts of development and innovation, at the same time, for some inappropriate composition of Confucian ruling ideology of Confucian transformation. Also people, but the people in order to better resist the people, to the ruling class will continue to be dominated, the starting point and purpose of the Mao Zedong Administration for the people to live a good day, so as to realize the prosperity of the country; the ancient Confucian advocated "people-oriented", but this "the first is in the premise of strengthen the kingship under the" this ", Mao Zedong put people as God, the implementation of the people's democracy He called on the dictatorship of Party cadres to serve the people wholeheartedly; the importance of education, but from productive labor, light weight, Mao Zedong emphasized the education and the productive labor, combined with practice, emphasizing the all-round development, pay more attention to the national physical health; in the military thought, Confucianism advocates Shen war, not to fight an unjust war Mao Zedong believes that people do not make me, I do not prisoners, at the same time, also stressed that if the person make me, I will be the prisoner, as long as it is a just war, victory belongs to the people; pay attention to its diplomatic development and harmony but not sameness, Mao Zedong the five principles of peaceful coexistence, on the basis of processing foreign diplomacy; anti-corruption officials focus on Confucian introspection at the same time, self-discipline, Mao Zedong let cadres often pay more attention to education, system construction, pay more attention to mobilize the masses to struggle against corruption; Comrade Mao Zedong despotism of Confucianism, the patriarchal doctrine, Equalitarianism and abuses of education criticism. Mao Zedong's inheritance and development of Confucian culture, there are many reasons.
The Confucian culture in Mao Zedong thoughts of Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao's profound thoughts, plays a pioneering role in building a well-off society, is of great significance to the development of culture and human development; Mao Zedong's Thoughts on the current international relations, cooperation and ethnic parties have very important reference value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A841;B222

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