本文選題：馬克思　切入點(diǎn)：自然觀　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái),日益惡化的生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題,已經(jīng)越來(lái)越影響到人類社會(huì)的生存與發(fā)展,也迫使人類不得不開始認(rèn)真反思自身與自然環(huán)境的關(guān)系問(wèn)題。在以往所有的關(guān)于自然的思想理論之中,馬克思的自然觀以其科學(xué)的先進(jìn)性和強(qiáng)烈的現(xiàn)實(shí)性,越來(lái)越受到人們的重視。時(shí)至今日,學(xué)界對(duì)馬克思自然觀的研究仍然是方興未艾,其思想理論的現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)意義也愈發(fā)得到更為廣泛的認(rèn)同。 本文首先從傳統(tǒng)自然觀的歷史演變作為研究的出發(fā)點(diǎn),對(duì)以往各個(gè)階段代表性的自然觀進(jìn)行了梳理和闡釋。在此基礎(chǔ)上,馬克思通過(guò)對(duì)之前傳統(tǒng)自然觀的批判和揚(yáng)棄,逐步形成了其獨(dú)具特色的自然觀理論。通過(guò)進(jìn)一步剖析馬克思在自然觀問(wèn)題上的先進(jìn)思想,及其在不同階段對(duì)其自然觀的完善和發(fā)展歷程,以期彰顯馬克思自然觀在當(dāng)代的理論指導(dǎo)和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文的寫作內(nèi)容主要包括以下五個(gè)章節(jié)： 第一章節(jié)：緒論。主要論述本文的研究思路和研究目的,從以往的自然概念直至馬克思自然觀的形成和發(fā)展過(guò)程,作一個(gè)歷史的邏輯的梳理,并引導(dǎo)全篇的寫作路徑。 第二章節(jié)：西方傳統(tǒng)的自然觀。從人類蒙昧?xí)r代的神話自然觀寫起,到古代有機(jī)整體的實(shí)體論自然觀,中世紀(jì)宗教神學(xué)自然觀,文藝復(fù)興以來(lái)的機(jī)械論自然觀以及近代思辨的唯心主義自然觀,以歷史時(shí)間為線索,全面系統(tǒng)的概括出各個(gè)典型時(shí)期的代表性自然觀點(diǎn)及其思想前提。 第三章節(jié)：馬克思自然觀的形成和發(fā)展。研究馬克思的自然觀的形成進(jìn)路,分別選取了馬克思在不同歷史時(shí)期對(duì)自然觀的不同理解以及逐漸成形的過(guò)程。馬克思從對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的自然觀的批判入手,對(duì)自然先在性的初步意識(shí)成為其自然觀的最初萌芽；對(duì)黑格爾思辨唯心主義自然觀的批判,以及對(duì)費(fèi)爾巴哈人本思維方式的清算,成為其自然觀的形成標(biāo)志；馬克思晚年將“剩余價(jià)值”等政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論引入補(bǔ)充,發(fā)展了其自然觀和人與自然關(guān)系理論。 第四章節(jié)：馬克思自然觀的現(xiàn)實(shí)解讀。通過(guò)對(duì)馬克思自然觀的理論內(nèi)涵及其現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的研究,進(jìn)一步論述了馬克思自然觀的先進(jìn)性和現(xiàn)實(shí)性；通過(guò)對(duì)其人與自然關(guān)系的理論解讀,進(jìn)一步明確了在人類發(fā)展歷程中,正確處理好人與自然相互關(guān)系的重要意義,也是可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀的重要理論支撐。 第五章節(jié)：結(jié)束語(yǔ)�？偨Y(jié)論述了本文的研究方法,即按照歷史的邏輯的順序,縱向的考察了以往自然觀的歷史流變,以及馬克思自然觀的形成和發(fā)展,通過(guò)對(duì)其歷史的實(shí)踐的具體的考察,引申出馬克思自然觀的現(xiàn)實(shí)性及其理論指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:For nearly half a century, the worsening problem of ecological environment has increasingly affected the survival and development of human society. Among all the previous theories about nature, Marx's view of nature, with its scientific advancement and strong reality, has forced human beings to begin to seriously reflect on the relationship between themselves and the natural environment. Up to now, the study of Marx's view of nature is still in the ascendant, and the practical guiding significance of his thought and theory is more and more widely accepted. In this paper, the historical evolution of the traditional view of nature as the starting point of the study, the past stages of the representative view of nature is combed and explained. On this basis, Marx through the criticism of the previous traditional view of nature and sublation, Through further analysis of Marx's advanced ideas on the concept of nature, and the improvement and development of his view of nature at different stages, the author has gradually formed his unique theory of nature. In order to highlight Marx's view of nature in the contemporary theoretical guidance and practical significance. The content of this paper mainly includes the following five chapters:. The first chapter: introduction, mainly discusses the research ideas and purposes of this paper, from the past concept of nature to the formation and development of Marx's concept of nature, to make a historical logic comb, and guide the whole writing path. The second chapter: the western traditional view of nature. From the myth of the era of human obscurity to the ancient organic entity view of nature, medieval religious theology of nature, The mechanistic view of nature since the Renaissance and the idealistic view of nature of modern speculation, taking the historical time as the clue, comprehensively and systematically generalizes the representative natural viewpoint and the ideological premise of each typical period. Chapter three: the formation and development of Marx's view of nature. This paper selects Marx's different understanding of the view of nature in different historical periods and the process of forming gradually. Marx starts with the criticism of the traditional view of nature, and the initial consciousness of nature first becomes the initial germination of his view of nature. The critique of Hegel's speculative and idealistic view of nature and the liquidation of Feuerbach's humanistic thinking mode become the symbol of the formation of his view of nature, and Marx introduced "surplus value" and other political economic theories in his later years. It develops its view of nature and the theory of the relationship between man and nature. Chapter 4th: the realistic interpretation of Marx's view of nature. Through the study of the theoretical connotation and practical significance of Marx's view of nature, this paper further discusses the advanced nature and reality of Marx's view of nature; Through the theoretical interpretation of the relationship between man and nature, this paper further clarifies the significance of correctly handling the relationship between man and nature in the course of human development, and is also an important theoretical support for the concept of sustainable development. Chapter 5th: conclusion. It summarizes and discusses the research methods of this paper, that is, according to the order of historical logic, the historical evolution of the historical view of nature, and the formation and development of Marx's view of nature are investigated vertically. Through the concrete investigation of its historical practice, this paper generalizes the reality of Marx's view of nature and its theoretical guiding significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：A811

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