本文選題：名 + 實(shí)��； 參考：《上海社會科學(xué)院》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：魏晉時(shí)期的“言意之辨”是魏晉玄學(xué)的核心論題之一,推動了一個(gè)時(shí)代的哲學(xué)、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展。在包含了名與實(shí)、語言與思維的關(guān)系問題的辯論中,主要有兩種對立的觀點(diǎn)：一是以王弼為代表的“言不盡意論”,一是以歐陽建為代表的“言盡意論”。本論文以王弼和歐陽建為代表,對他們在“言意之辨”中的主張進(jìn)行比較和考察,并探討魏晉時(shí)期的“言意之辨”的理論意義和實(shí)際意義。 一般說來,言指語言、文字,意指思想認(rèn)識,在這個(gè)意義上,“言意之辨”可以理解為探討人憑語言文字能否把握事物的現(xiàn)象、本質(zhì)及其發(fā)展規(guī)律,也就是能否用語言文字把人的認(rèn)識表達(dá)出來�！把砸庵妗卑鴥蓚�(gè)基本的問題：一是人是否具有完全認(rèn)識能力的問題,即人是否能否把握事物的現(xiàn)象、本質(zhì)及其發(fā)展規(guī)律；二是對人的認(rèn)識的表達(dá)問題,即人能否使用語言文字把認(rèn)識表達(dá)完整。這其中又暗含著辯論雙方以何種名實(shí)觀和正名觀為前提的選擇。在對第一個(gè)問題的探討上,王弼既注意到了人認(rèn)識事物過程的復(fù)雜性,曲折性,他既看到了人認(rèn)識能力非至上性的一面,又看到了至上性的一面,但更關(guān)注非至上性的一面；而歐陽建則更強(qiáng)調(diào)人認(rèn)識能力的至上性,他認(rèn)為人對事物的認(rèn)識幾乎是一次完成的,不但可以認(rèn)識事物的現(xiàn)象,而且可以把握事物的本質(zhì)和規(guī)律。在考察方法上,王弼主要運(yùn)用了體悟、直覺的方法,而歐陽建則在其論述中運(yùn)用邏輯論證的理性方法。在第二個(gè)問題上,王弼看到了語言符號的相對性和局限性,認(rèn)為世界上存在著不能用名、言表達(dá)的東西,如人的精神境界與信念信仰既不能完全用語言表達(dá)的,也無法用邏輯的方法證明。也就是說王弼已注意到了通常被人們所忽略的語言與其所表達(dá)的思想之間的存在差別和矛盾的問題,他把語言和思想的關(guān)系看成是一種動態(tài)的充滿矛盾的活動過程。歐陽建則從名與物、言與理的統(tǒng)一出發(fā),忽略了言與意相矛盾的一面。他肯定了“名”在認(rèn)識、辨別事物上的重要性,肯定了通過邏輯認(rèn)識理性地把握客觀事物的可能性,堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為人們可以用言(名)來反映客觀世界,可以運(yùn)用邏輯思維達(dá)到客觀真理。 魏晉時(shí)期的“言意之辨”對當(dāng)時(shí)以及后代中國思想界在語言與思維方面的影響很大,有學(xué)者曾評論說,“該學(xué)說如Occam's razor,以利刃盡削除漢人學(xué)問之蕪雜”2�！把砸庵妗笔沟盟季S突破有限和具體,走向無限與抽象。也正是這場大辯論,展現(xiàn)并提高了魏晉人的思辯水平和審美思維能力,對后世哲學(xué)、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)等諸多方面也有深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
[Abstract]:The differentiation of speech and meaning in Wei and Jin dynasties is one of the core topics of metaphysics in Wei and Jin dynasties, which promotes the development of philosophy, literature, art and other fields of an era.In the debate on the relationship between name and reality, language and thought, there are two opposing viewpoints: one is the theory of "speech is not full of intention" represented by Wang Bi, and the other is "theory of speech and intention" represented by Ouyang Jian.This thesis takes Wang Bi and Ouyang Jian as the representatives, compares and inspects their opinions in "the differentiation of speech and meaning", and probes into the theoretical and practical significance of "the differentiation of speech and meaning" in Wei and Jin dynasties.Generally speaking, speech refers to language, writing and meaning to the understanding of thought. In this sense, "differentiation of speech and meaning" can be understood as exploring whether people can grasp the phenomenon, essence and development law of things by language and writing.That is to say, whether we can express people's understanding with language and writing.The distinction between speech and meaning contains two basic questions: one is whether people have the ability to fully understand, that is, whether they can grasp the phenomenon, essence and development of things, and the second is the expression of human cognition.That is, whether people can use language and text to complete the expression of knowledge.It also implies the choice of what kind of nominalness and correct name both sides should take.In the discussion of the first question, Wang Bi not only noticed the complexity and tortuosity of the process of people's understanding of things, but also saw the side of non-supremacy and the side of supremacy, but paid more attention to the non-supremacy;Ouyang Jian emphasizes the supremacy of man's cognitive ability. He thinks that man's understanding of things is almost completed, not only the phenomenon of things can be recognized, but also the essence and law of things can be grasped.Wang Bi mainly uses the method of understanding and intuition, while Ouyang Jian uses the rational method of logical argumentation in his argumentation.On the second issue, Wang Bi sees the relativity and limitation of linguistic symbols, and holds that there are things in the world that cannot be expressed by name and words, such as people's spiritual realm and belief can not be expressed in language completely.Nor can it be proved logically.That is to say Wang Bi has noticed the difference and contradiction between the language which is usually ignored by people and the thought he expresses. He regards the relationship between language and thought as a dynamic and contradictory process.Ouyang Jian ignored the contradiction between word and meaning from the unity of name and substance, speech and reason.He affirmed the importance of "name" in understanding and distinguishing things, affirmed the possibility of rationally grasping objective things through logical cognition, and firmly believed that people could use words (names) to reflect the objective world.You can use logical thinking to achieve objective truth.The differentiation of speech and meaning in the Wei and Jin dynasties had a great influence on the language and thinking of the Chinese intellectual circle at that time and in future generations. Some scholars once commented that "this theory, such as Occam's razor, used its sharp edge to remove the uncultivated and miscellaneous knowledge of the Han people" 2.The differentiation of speech and meaning makes the thinking break through the limitation and concrete, and move towards infinity and abstraction.It was this great debate that showed and improved the people's thinking level and aesthetic thinking ability, and also had a profound influence on the philosophy, literature, art and many other aspects of later generations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：B81-092

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